Browse

Name	Sex	Born	Died	Nationality	Occupation	Authorities	Note
Abdul Hamid I	male	1725	1789	Ottoman	Sultan of the Ottoman Empire 1774 to 1789	WD / VIAF
Muhammad ben Abdelmalek	male						Ambassador of Morocco to Russia. See P.H. Roberts, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, vol. 143, n.2 (June 1999), p.233
Abdülkerim Pasha	male		1789				The Beylerbey of Rumelia, Abdülkerim Pasha, travelled to Russia in 1775 as a special envoy from the Ottoman Empire.
Abu'l Ghazi Khan khan of Bukhara	male		1795/1796
Achilles	male
Jeanne Thérèse Tellez d'Acosta Marquise de Rochambeau	female	1730	1824
Vasilii Evdokimovich Adodurov	male	1709	1780
Louise Marie Adélaïde Eugénie d'Orléans	female	1777	1847				French princess, daughter of Philippe d'Orléans
Adolf Frederick	male	14 May 1710	12 February 1771	Swedish	King of Sweden	VIAF
Franz Aepinus	male	1724	1802				German mathematician and philosopher
Agamemnon King	male
Aga Mehemet-Khan	male
Henri-Cardin-Jean-Baptiste d'Aguesseau	male	1752	1826
Sir Robert Ainslie	male	1729/30	21 July 1812 (NS), Bath, England	British	Diplomat / Numismatist	WD / VIAF
Albert V/II Duke of Austria/king of the Holy Roman Empire	male	1397	1439
Albertina Frederica Margravine of Baden-Durlach	female	1682	1755				Catherine's maternal grandmother
Francesco Borghese Aldobrandini	male
AlexanderPavlovich (EmperorAlexanderI)	male	12 December 1777 (OS), Winter Palace, St. Petersburg, Russian Empire	19 November 1825 (OS), Taganrog, Russian Empire	Russian	Grand Duke of Russia / Emperor of Russia	VIAF
Aleksandra Pavlovna	female	29 July 1783 (OS), Pavlovsk, Russian Empire	4 March 1801 (OS), Budapest, Hungary	Russian	Grand Duchess of Russia / Archduchess of Austria	VIAF
Petr Alekseevich Alekseev	male	1727, Moscow, Russian Empire	22 July 1801 (OS), Moscow, Russian Empire	Russian	Russian Orthodox Clergyman / Russian Orthodox Theologian	VIAF	Denouncer of Platon, Metropolitan of Moscow and of Freemasons, including Nikolai Novikov in the latter part of Catherine's reign.
Alexander the Great	male	356 BC	323 BC		King	VIAF	King of Macedonia whose name came to stand for the archetypal conqueror. A much disputed figure in the Enlightenment, which questioned the worth of conquest for mere territorial gain and insisted that only conquests that brought prosperity to the conquered could be justified.
Panaioti Pavlovich Aleksiano	male		1788	Greek		WD	Played a key role in the victory in Lyman
Jean-Baptiste le Rond d'Alembert	male	1717	1783
Alexandre Monsieur	male						Character in Chapter 9 of Voltaire's "L'Ingénu." Named after Claude François Alexandre (1637-1710), "premier commis" of Gilbert Colbert de Saint-Pouange (1642-1706), commis de la Guerre. See Catherine II de Russie and Friedrich Melchior Grimm, Une correspondance privée, artistique et politique au siècle des Lumières, ed. Sergueï Karp, vol. 1, p. 120.
Alexander Duke of Württemberg	male	1771	1833
Christian Friedrich Carl Alexander Last margrave of Bayreuth and Ansbach	male	1736	1806
Alexeyef	male						courier
Alexander Ferdinand 3rd Prince of Thurn and Taxis	male	1704	1773
Aleksandr Aleksiano	male
Illarion Spiridonovich Alekseev	male	1744	1798
Alfred King of the West Saxons the Great	male	848	899
Francesco Algarotti	male	1712	1764
Algirdas Grand duke of Lithuania	male	1296	1377
Frederick Alleman/Alaman	male				Doctor		Court doctor to Grand Duchess Natal'ia Alekseevna.
Friederike AmalieMargravine of Baden (née princess of Hesse-Darmstadt)	female	1754	1832		Margravine / German Princess	WD / VIAF	Travelled to St. Petersburg in 1773 with her mother, Landgravine Karoline of Hesse-Darmstadt, and her two sisters as a potential bride for Catherine's son Paul. Her younger sister Wilhelmine was chosen and became Paul's wife, Grand Duchess Natal'ia Alekseevna. Amalie married Karl Ludwig von Baden in 1774.
Ambrose (Andrei) Zertis-Kamenskii Archbishop of Moscow	male	1708	1771
Anna Amalia dowager duchess of Saxe-Weimar	female	1739	1807
Amelia Princess of the United Kingdom	female	1783	1810
Harriet Maria Harris (née Amyand) Countess of Malmesbury	female	1761	1830				wife of Sir James Howard Harris
Jacob Johan Anckarström Count	male	1762	1792				Swedish military officer who assassinated King Gustav III
Fedor Evstaf'evich Anhalt	male	1732	1794	Prussian / Russian	General (2nd Rank)	WD / VIAF	Son of prince Wilhelm Gustav von Anhalt-Dessau.
Johanna Elisabeth Princess of Anhalt-Zerbst (née of Holstein-Gottorp)	female	1712	1760				Mother of Catherine II
Anna Pavlovna Grand Duchess of Russia	female	1795	1865				Catherine's grand-daughter, later queen of the Netherlands
Anna Fedorovna Grand Duchess of Russia	female	1781	1860				Born Princess Juliane of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld; Catherine refers to her as Julie
Anna Elisabeth Louise Princess and Margravine of Brandenburg-Schwedt	female	1738	1820
George Anson Admiral	male	1697	1762				circumnavigated the globe and became head of the British navy during the Seven Years War.
Francisco Antonio comte de Lacy	male	1731	1792				Minister plenipotentiary of Spain in St Petersburg
Ivan VI Antonovich emperor of Russia	male	1740	1764
Anthony King of Saxony	male	1755	1836
Antoinette Duchess of Württemberg (née of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld)	female	1779	1824
Apollo	male						Greek God of Light, Healing and Poetry
Petr Fedorovich Apraksin	male	1728	1811	Russian	Graf (count)	VIAF
Fedor Matveevich Apraksin	male	1765	1796	Russian		VIAF
Stepan Stepanovich Apraksin General	male	1702	1758
Timofei Aprelev Lieutenant-colonel Тимофей Апрелев	male
Pedro Pablo Abarca de Bolea y Jiménez de Urrea Count d'Aranda	male	1718	1798
Giovanni Andrea Archetti	male	1731	1805	Italian		VIAF
Johann Arf Rear-admiral Иван Николаевич Арф	male			Dutch
Nikolai Petrovich Arkharov	male	7 May 1740 (OS)	January 1814 (OS)	Russian	General (2nd Rank) / Officer / Moscow Chief of Police	VIAF
Count Gustav Moritz Armfelt	male	31 March 1757 (NS)	19 August 1814 (NS)	Swedish	Officer / Diplomat	VIAF	One of Gustav III of Sweden's most trusted advisors, in 1792 the dying king appointed Armfelt as one of his young son's guardians, but he was deeply disliked by the regent, Charles of Sudermanland. Armfelt tried to convince Catherine to help him chase the regent from power, for which he was condemned to death in Sweden. He took refuge in Russia from 1794 until 1797, and Catherine refused to extradite him to Sweden even though it was made a condition for the marriage between her granddaughter Aleksandra and King Gustav IV of Sweden, a match she very much desired.
Ivan Fedorovich Ash (von Asch) Baron	male	1726	1807
Achatz Ferdinand von der Asseburg Baron	male	1721	1797				German diplomat in St Petersburg
Attila the Hun	male						Hunnic ruler
Charles-Louis Aubry	male	1746	1817
Mademoiselle Audet	female						Unknown woman whom the Countess Stroganova brought with her to Petersburg
Jean-Michel Auda	male		1773				Frenchman from Nice who tried to get d'Alembert to tutor Paul I
Jean Rival (called Aufresne)	male	1728	1804				Director of the Hermitage Theater
Auguste Karoline, princess of Württemberg, née of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel	female	3 December 1764 (NS)	27 September 1788 (NS)		German Princess	VIAF	Abused by her husband, Friedrich Wilhelm Karl von Württemberg, Zelmira sought the protection of Catherine the Great, who chased Friedrich from Russian service, sent him back to Germany, and entrusted Zelmira to Reinhold Wilhelm von Pohlmann in Lodhe, Estland. She soon died in childbirth, however, presumbly bearing Pohlmann's child and denied medical assistance to avoid a scandal.
Augusta, princess of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel	female	1737	1813		Duchess (German)	VIAF	Daughter of Frederick, prince of Wales (1707-1751, son of King George II of Great Britain). Her seven children included Auguste Karoline von Württemberg and the future Queen Caroline, wife of George IV.
AugustusIII, King of Poland	male	17 October 1696, Dresden	05 October 1763, Dresden			VIAF
Augustus Prince of Saxe Gotha Altenbourg	male	1747	1806				friend of Voltaire, enlightenment figure
Augusta Sophia Princess	female	1768	1840				Second daughter of King George III
Augustus Ferdinand Prince of Prussia	male	1730	1813
Augusta Caroline Sophie Duchess of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (née Countess Reuss zu Ebersdorf)	female	1757	1831
Augard Chevalier	male
Jean-Baptiste Chappe d'Auteroche	male	1722	1769				French astronomer
Godefroy de La Tour d'Auvergne	male	1728	1792
Francisque Azor	male						Later goes by Grigorii Aleksandrovich Gvadelupskii
Bacchus	male		1791				courier frequently used to bring things to/from Catherine and Grimm
Théobald Bacher	male	1748	1813				Chargé d'affaires of the French Republic in Switzerland and then to the Holy Roman Empire. In 1806, he presented to the Imperial Diet Napoleon's note dissolving the Holy Roman Empire.
Bachmann	male						Banker in Petersburg who helped Catherine procure some paintings from Berlin
Baht Giray I	male						Led the Buçak Tatars against the Russians in 1787-1791
Jean Sylvain Bailly	male	1736	1793		Astronomer / Writer / Freemason /	WD / VIAF
Anton Bogdanovich De Bal'men	male	1741	1790	Russian	/ General (2nd Rank) / Governor	WD	Participant of the First Russo-Turkish war. Governor of the Orel and Kursk regions. During the 2nd Russo-Turkish war was in charge of the troops in the Caucasus where he died of consumption.
Balu Mme	female
Balu M.	male						Confectioner Grimm hired for the Russian court
Abbé Jean-Jacques Barthélemy	male	20 January 1716 (NS), Cassis	30 April 1795 (NS)		Writer / Philologist / Numismatist	WD / VIAF
Ivan Sergeevich Bariatinskii	male	27 February 1738 (NS)	23 December 1811 (NS)	Russian	/ Diplomat / Lieutenant General (3rd Rank)	WD / VIAF
Johann Georg Barmann	male						Cook at Catherine's court
Pietro Santi Bartoli	male	1635	1700				Italian engraver
Barko Baron General	male			Austrian			An agent of Joseph II at Russian headquarters in Moldavia under Rumyantsev's command.
François-Jean de la Barre	male	1745	1766
Pierre-Martin Barat	male	1736	1787				Artist
Barral	male						Banker
Petr Iakovlevich Baskakov	male						Сaptain in the Preobrazhensky regiment
Bazile	male						Character in Beaumarchais' <i>Le Barbier de Séville</i>
Ivan IV (the Terrible) Vasil'evich Tsar	male	1530	1584
Baschlofski	male						courrier used by Catherine and Grimm starting in 1785
Friedrich Wilhelm Bauer	male	4 January 1734 (NS), Bieber bei Hanau	15 February 1783 (NS), St. Petersburg		Officer / Engineer	WD / VIAF
Nicolas Baudeau	male	1730	1795				French economist
Louis Cesar de la Baume-le-Blanc Duc de la Vallière	male	1708	1780
Pierre Antoine Baudouin	male	1729	1769				French painter
Christoph Baumgart	male						Catherine II's surgeon
Mathieu Nicolas de Bausset Marquis	male	1724	1767				French ambassador to the Russian court who died in Russia
Karl Friedrich Bauer	male	1762	1812				Son of Friedrich Wilhelm Bauer; fought in Russo-Swedish war
William Baylies	male	baptised 25 March 1722, Evesham, Worcestershire, United Kingdom	2 March 1787, Berlin, Prussia	British	Doctor	WD / VIAF	Author of Remarks on Dr Perry's Analysis of the Stratford Mineral Waters (1745), A narrative of facts demonstrating the existence and course of a physical confederacy, made known in the printed letters of Dr Lucas and Dr Oliver (1757), Practical Reflections on the Uses and Abuses of Bath Waters (1757), A History of the General Hospital at Bath (1758), Aphorisms on the Smallpox (1768, in German in 1775), Facts and Observations Relative to Inoculation at Berlin (1781, in French in 1776).
Pierre-Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais	male	24 January 1732	18 May 1799	French	Playwright	VIAF	Most famous as the author of the Figaro trilogy ('Le Barbier de Séville', 'Le Mariage de Figaro', and 'La Mère coupable').
Geneviève Brossard de Beaulieu	female	1755	1832				French painter
Cesare Bonesana-Beccaria	male	15 March 1738 (NS)	28 November 1794 (NS)	Italian	Writer / Philosopher / Lawyer	VIAF
Nikolai Ivanovich Bekov	male						Collegiate assessor
Nikita Afanas'evich Beketov	male	1729	1794
Andrei Mikhailovich Belosel'skii-Belozerskii	male	c.1730	1778 or 1779	Russian	Prince (Russia) / Diplomat		Russian ambassador to Saxony, based in Dresden. At his death he was replaced in Dresden by his famous half-brother, the Francophone author Aleksandr Mikhailovich Beloselsky-Belozersky.
Efim Belich	male			Montenegrin	lieutenant
Belus (Jupiter Belus)	male						Babylonian god
Henri de Belsunce Chevalier	male	1765	1789				Emilie de Belsunce (du Bueil)'s brother
Jean-Antoine de Belsunce	male	1766	1796				Second brother of Emilie de Belsunce (du Bueil)
Gédéon Benoît	male					WD / VIAF	Secretary then councillor of the Prussian legation in Poland, 1752-1776; participated in arranging the election of Stanislas Poniatowski as king in 1764.
Jan Benisławski	male	1735	1812				Jesuit priest
Anton Ionovich Bering	male	1763	1807		Officer / Member of the Horse Guards		Grandson of the famous explorer Vitus Jonassen Bering. Anton's father was Vitus's eldest son, Jonas, born in 1721. Jonas was a colonel in the Russian army and commandant in Ukraine, before he was murdered in 1784. Wachtmeister/sergeant (вахмистр) in the Horse Guards who brought news of the victory at Focșani to St. Petersburg. For this mission he was promoted, at Potemkin's request, to Rittmeister/captain (ротмистр).
Vitus Jonassen Bering	male	5 August 1681 (baptised), Horsens, Denmark	8 December 1741 (OS), Bering Island	Danish	Explorer / Naval Officer	WD / VIAF	Danish sea captain and explorer who led two expeditions to chart the Northern Pacific for Russia. Immortalised in the name of the Bering Strait. His sons entered the Russian service, and several of his descendants remained in Russia.
François-Joachim de Pierre Cardinal de Bernis	male	1715	1794
Marie-Jeanne (Rose) Bertin	female	1714	1813				Fashion designer in Paris ,Milliner to Marie Antoinette
Jean Bertin	male						Chef at the Russian court in the service of Potemkin
Maksim Vasil’evich Berg	male	1720	1784				Baltic German general who participated in Empress Elizabeth’s Russo-Swedish War (1741–3), fought in the Seven Years War, and became one of the leading officers responsible for occupying Crimea in 1771.
René Berthelot	male		1664				French actor in time of Moliere, known as Du Park and Gros René
Friedrich Justin Bertuch	male	1747	1822				German publisher; published Bilderbuch for children
Bertha Saint, queen of Kent	female	c. 565	c. 601
Aleksei Petrovich Bestuzhev-Riumin	male	22 May 1693 (OS)	10 April 1768 (OS)	Russian	Chancellor (1st Rank)	WD / VIAF	Chancellor of the Russian Empire under Empress Elizabeth. His fall from grace in 1758 almost brought about Catherine's expulsion from Russia. Inventor of Catherine's beloved 'Bestuzhev Drops', also known as 'gold elixir', which was a popular eighteenth-century remedy.
Ivan Ivanovich Betskoi	male	1704	1795				Educationalist, adviser to Catherine, President of the Academy of Imperial Arts
Count Aleksandr Andreevich Bezborodko	male	14 March 1747 (OS), Glukhov, Russian Empire	6 April 1799 (OS)	Russian	Senator / Writer / Count (Russian)	WD / VIAF	Wrote up to 14,572 documents signed by Catherine, as well as 9,651 letters of his own on behalf of the empress. Composes the imperial manifestos from 1776 to 1792; 387 imennye ukazy to the Senate were written in his hand. Supporter of her 'Greek Project'. Catherine referred to him as her 'factotum'. Author of a few historical works (a sketch of Russia's wars and affairs with the Tatars, a chronicle of Malorussia, and a chronological table of Catherine's reign).
Aleksandr Il'ich Bibikov	male	30 May 1729 (OS), Moscow, Russian Empire	9 April 1774 (OS), Bugulma, Russian Empire	Russian	General (2nd Rank) / Senator / Member of the Izmailovskii Guards Regiment / Translator	WD / VIAF
Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Bibikov	male	7 January 1765 (OS)	20 July 1822, Dresden		Officer / Senator / Member of the Preobrazhenskii Guards Regiment	WD / VIAF	Son of General Aleksandr Il'ich Bibikov and brother of Agrafena Aleksandrovna de Ribaupierre. After Catherine's death, served as a diplomat and military comander under under Paul I and Alexander I. Published the Zapiski o zhizni i sluzhbe Aleksandra Il'icha Bibikova containing the history of and many documents from his father's service career.
Giuseppe Galli da Bibiena	male	1695	1757				Italian designer and architect
Carlo Galli da Bibiena	male	1721	1787				Italian theatre/scene painter
Johanna Dorothea Bielke	female	c. 1708	2 January 1780 (NS)		German nobility / German noble		Born baroness von Grothusen. Name also spelled Bielcke or Bjelke. Friend from childhood of Catherine's mother, Princess Joahanna Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp. Met Catherine during the latter's childhood visits to Hamburg. She initiated an epistolary exchange with Catherine, writing on 5 July 1765 (NS) to remind the empress of their earlier acquaintance. Catherine responded favourably, eventually requesting assistance in finding a governess for her ladies-in-waiting and using her letters to Bielke as a means of sending positive political messages and news about Russia to Hamburg.
Jakob Friedrich von Bielfeld	male	1717	1770
Joseph Billings	male	1758	1806				Explorer and leader of a Russian naval survey of the ocean areas between Siberia and America
Peter von Biron	male	15 February 1724 (NS)	13 January 1800	German / Russian	Duke (German)	VIAF	Peter von Biron inherited the duchy of Courland from his father, Empress Anna's favourite Ernst von Biron, who was restored to the post by Catherine upon her accession.
Ernst Johann von Biron	male	13 November 1690 (OS)	18 December 1772 (OS)	Baltic German	Duke of Courland	VIAF	Favourite of Empress Anna Ioannovna.
Charles de Gontaut duc and marechal de Biron	male	1562	1602				French soldier who plotted to set himself up as a rule of independent Burgundy; Catherine II had a portrait of him
William Blackstone	male	1723	1780				Influential jurist, legal thinker
Blaise Maitre	male						Character in Marivaux's <i>L'Épreuve</i>
Blandow	male						Gentleman from Pomerania expected by Catherine II
Count Aleksei Grigor'evich Bobrinskii	male	11 April 1762 (OS), Winter Palace, St. Petersburg	20 June 1813, Bogoroditsk, Tula Province, Russian Empire	Russian	Count (Russian) / Member of the Horse Guards	VIAF	Catherine's illegitimate son by Grigorii Grigor'evich Orlov. His surname comes from the village of Bobriki, purchased by Catherine in 1763 to support her son.
Bock Baron de	male						From Livo
Charles Auguste Boehmer	male	1740	1794				Jeweler; part of the duo that created the necklace in the Queen's Necklace affair
Charlotte Boehmer (née Mentzel)	female						Mother-in-law of Marie-Daniel Bourrée de Corberon; see note 46 in http://www.vostlit.info/Texts/rus16/Corberon_2/text2.phtml?id=2398
Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux	male			French	Poet / Writer	VIAF
Jacqueline de Damas (née du Bois d'Aizy)	female
de Boisgelin	female						sister of the archbishop of Aix-en-Provence
Anne Boleyn Wife of Henry VIII, Queen	female	1501	1536
Ivan Nikititch Boltin	male	1735	1792				Historian and member of the Russian Academy
Marc Marie Marquis de Bombelles	male	1744	1822
Caterina Bonafini	female	1751	1826				Italian soprano
Bonnet	male						Butler, worked for Potemkin and then Catherine II
Baron von Bork	male				Diplomat		Prussian envoy to Copenhagen in 1789
Ivan Antonovich Borisov Admiral	male	1719	1786
Jean-Benjamin de la Borde	male	1734	1794				composer
Michel-Jean Borch Count	male	1751	1810
Jean-Joseph de la Borde Marquis	male	1724	1794				French politician and banker to the king; guillotined
Nikolai Vladimirovich Borzov	male
Bossetova	female		1767?
Marie Daniel Bourrée chevalier de Corberon	male	1748	1810
Mariia Romanovna Buturlina (née Vorontsova)	female	1737	1779				Lady-in-waiting for Catherine II
Stanislas Jean de Boufflers chevalier de Boufflers	male	1738	1815
François Claude Amour Marquis de Bouillé	male	1739	1800				French general, served in Seven Years' War, organized the Flight to Varennes
Jean-Baptiste de Boyer Marquis d'Argens	male	1704	1771
John Boydell	male	1720	1804				British publisher who established a Shakespeare Gallery and published an illustrated edition of Shakespeare's works
Franciszek Ksawery Branicki	male	1731	1819	Polish	/ Diplomat / Hetman / General (2nd Rank)	WD / VIAF
Aleksandra Vasil'evna Branitskaia, née Engelhardt	female	1754	1838	Russian	Countess (Russian)	VIAF	Grigorii Potemkin's niece
Count Jan Klemens Branicki	male	21 September 1689 (NS)	9 October 1771 (NS)	Polish	Polish Count	VIAF	Great Crown Hetman from 1752, and a rival candidate for the Polish crown in the election won by Stanislas Poniatowski.
Eric Brahe	male	1722	1756	Swedish	/	VIAF
Don João Carlos de Bragança 2nd Duke of Lafões	male	1719	1806				Portuguese politician and founder of the academy of sciences in Lisbon
Khristian Ermolaevich Brazinskii	male		1786				Catherine II's valet
Gerrit Braamcamp	male	1699	1771				Dutch collector
Iakov Larionovich von Brandt	male		1774
Élisabeth-Théodose Le Tonnelier de Breteuil Abbé	male	1712	1781				Brother of Mme Du Chatelet
Louis Auguste Le Tonnelier de Breteuil	male	1730	1807				Diplomat and French politician
Jacques Laure Le Tonnelier de Breteuil	male	1725	1785				Ambassador to Malta
Ludovico Giuseppe Arborio Gattinara Count of Sartirana, marquis of Breme	male	1754	1828
Briseis	female						Mythological figure in Homer; Also called Hippodameia
Mathurin Jacques Brisson	male	1723	1806				French zoologist and natural philosopher
Adam Ivanovich Brill	male	1719	1786
Ivan Fedorovich Brink	male
George Browne	male	15 June 1698 (OS)	18 September 1792 (OS)	Russian / Irish	Count (Russian)	VIAF
Charles Francois Broglie marquis de Ruffec	male	1719	1781				French general and diplomat under Louis XV
Brosine (Brozine)	male						courrier
Richard Brompton	male	1734	1782				English portrait painter
Victor François 2nd duc de Broglie	male	1718	1704
Iakov Aleksandrovich Brius	male	1731	30 November 1791 (OS)	Russian	General (2nd Rank)	VIAF	Praskov'ia Aleksandrovna Rumiantseva was favoured by CatherineCorresponded with Catherine and, at her request, investigated how the law of God was taught in Moscow schools.
Ekaterina Iakovlevna Brius	female	1775/1776	1829	Russian	Countess (Russian)		Daughter of Count Yakov Aleksandrovich Bruce. Catherine suggested Ekaterina Bruce, 'la plus riche héritière de l'Empire' ('the richest heiress in the Empire'), as an eligible match for her outgoing favourite, Aleksandr Matveevich Dmitriev-Mamonov, but he married Princess Darya Fedorovna Shcherbatova. Ekaterina Bruce married Valentin Valentinovich Musin-Pushkin instead.
Praskov'iaAleksandrovnaBrius, née Rumiantseva	female	7 October 1729 (OS)	7 April 1786 (OS)	Russian	Countess (Russian)	WD	Sister of Field-Marshal Petr Aleksandrovich Rumiantsev, wife of Yakov Aleksandrovich Bruce, mother of Ekaterina Yakovlevna Bruce, close friend of Catherine.
Brunswick-Bevern	male
Élisabeth Louise Vigée Le Brun	female	1755	1842				French portrait painter
Bukovalo	male				Albanian		Maybe Greek. Referenced from letter 02853
Mikhail Vlas'evich Budlianskii Privy Councillor	male		1790				Awarded the Order of St Anne
Andreas Eberhard von Budberg	male	1750	1812				Baltic German diplomat, tutor to Alexander I
Emilie de Bueil, née de Belsunce	female	1768	1814	French	French nobility		Granddaughter of Louise d'Epinay, she was the eponymous 'Emilie' in her grandmother's famous educational manual, Conversations d'Emilie. D'Epinay's closest friend, Friedrich Melchior Grimm, became a sort of adoptive grandfather to Emilie, looking after her and her children through the difficult years of the French Revolution and beyond. Catherine was godmother to her daughter, Catherine-Hélène-Alexandrine (Katinka).
Alexandre Louis Auguste du Roux de Chevrier Count de Bueil	male	1762					Military officer; husband of Emilie de Belsunce
Georges-Louis-Marie Leclerc de Buffon	male	22 May 1764 (NS)	10 July 1794 (NS)	French	Officer	WD	Son of the well-known naturalist and writer, Georges-Louis Leclerc, comte de Buffon
Georges-Louis Leclerc comte de Buffon	male	7 September 1707 (NS)	16 April 1788 (NS)	French	Writer / Naturalist	WD / VIAF
Karl Iakovlevich Bühler Baron	male	1749	1811				Ambassador
Iakov Ivanovich Bulgakov	male			Russian	Diplomat	VIAF
John Burgoyne General	male	1722	1792				General of the British Army, defeated at Saratoga
Jean Levesque de Burigny	male	1692	1785				French historian
Edmund Burke	male	1729	1797				Politician, philosopher
Busch	male						English gardener working for Catherine II
Buscher	male						Factotum of the Prince de Ligne
Anton Friedrich Büsching	male	1724	1793				German geographer, historian, and theologian
Busse	male						Possible a scholar or teacher of some kind known to Grimm
Petr Aleksandrovich Buturlin Count	male	1734	1787
Aleksandr Borisovich Buturlin Count	male	1694	1767
Ekaterina Borisovna Buturlina (née Kurakina)	female	1703	1772
Frederick Wilhelm Buxhowden Count von Buxhöwden	male	1750	1811				Russian general
Benedikt de Caché	male						Austrian envoy in Warsaw
Julius Caesar	male				Roman Emperor	WD / VIAF
Jean-Jacques Caffieri	male	1725	1792
Giuseppe Balsamo	male	1743	1795				Occultist and magician; alias was Count Alessandro di Cagliostro
Louis Antoine Caille	male						Genevan bookseller mentioned by Voltaire
Charles Alexandre, vicomte de Calonne	male			French	Viscount (French) / Controller-General of Finances (France)	WD / VIAF
Jean Calas	male	1698	1762				Symbol of religious intolerance in France, championed by Voltaire
Calchas	male						Seer in Greek mythology
Charles Cameron	male	1745	1812				Scottish architect, designer of the Cameron Gallery, Summer Palace
Jean Cameron	female	1698	1772				Supporter of Bonnie Prince Charlie during the Jacobite Uprising of 1745
Armand-Gaston Camus	male	1740	1804				French revolutionary
Jeanne Louise Henriette Campan (née Genet)	female	1752	1822				French educator, writer, and lady-in-waiting to Marie Antoinette; sister of Edmond-Charles Genêt
Camela	female						Italian singer at Catherine's court
Giovanni Battista Caprara Montecuccoli Archbishop of Milan	male	1733	1810				Cardinal, papal diplomat, Bishop of Milan
Élisabeth Cardel	female	1712	1764	French	Governess		A French Huguenot and the future Catherine the Great's governess in Stettin, from whom Catherine learned the French language and an appreciation for seventeenth-century French literature, especially Molière.
Carlos III	male	20 January 1716 (NS)	12 December 1788 (NS)	Spanish	King of Spain 10 August 1759 to 14 December 1788	VIAF
Louis Caravaque	male	1684	1752				French portrait painter
Marinos Charvouris	male						a.k.a Lascaris, his pseudonym, army officer
Caroline Matilda Queen of Denmark and Norway	female	1751	1775				Daughter of Frederick, Prince of Wales; mother of Frederick VI of Denmark and Norway
Caroline Amalie Elisabeth Queen of the United Kingdom	female	1768	1821				Consort of King George IV; born Duchess of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
Carneades	male						Philosopher
Francesco Saverio Carletti	male	1740	1803				Diplomat for the Grand Duke of Tuscany
Caroline Louise Duchess of Courland	female	1748	1782				Born Princess of Waldeck and Pyrmont
Charles-Eugène Gabriel de La Croix marquis de Castries	male	1727	1801				Commandant de la Gendarmerie (1770+), maréchal de France (1783), friend of Grimm since 1755
Albert Casimir Duke of Teschen	male	1738	1822
Cassini Count	male						Counsel of Russia in Rome
Catherine II the Great Empress of Russia	female	21 April 1729 (OS)/2 May 1729 (NS)	6 November 1796	Russian	/ empress of Russia / grand duchess of Russia / patron of the arts / German princess	WD / VIAF
Saint Catherine of Alexandria	female				Saint	WD
Charles Cathcart 9th Lord Cathcart	male	1721	1776				British soldier and diplomat. Served at the Russian Court until 1772
Catharina Friederike Princess of Württemberg, then Queen consort of Westphalia	female	1783	1835
Catherine Hélène Alexandrine du Roux de Bueil called "Katinka"	female	1787	1872				Daughter of Emilie du Bueil, goddaughter of Catherine
Catherine-Henri-Louis-Frédéric (Cateau) du Roux de Bueil	male	1787
Catherine de' Medici Queen of France	female	1519	1589
Jane Hamilton Cathcart Lady Cathcart	female	1722	1771
Cavalcabo marquis	male						Catherine II's agent in Malta.
Cazié	male						translator
Ulric Celsing	male	1731	1805				Swedish diplomat; served as minister in Vienna 1787-89
Cenaze Hasan Pasha	male			Ottoman	Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire	WD
Cezayirli Gazi Hasan Pasha	male			Ottoman		WD / VIAF
Charles, duke of Södermanland, later Charles XIII, king of Sweden	male	7 October 1748 (NS)	5 February 1818 (NS)	Swedish	Duke of Södermanland (Sweden) / King of Sweden 1809 to 5 February 1818	WD / VIAF	Leader of the Swedish Masonic Order of Strict Observance.
QueenCharlotte, née Sophia Charlottevon Mecklenburg-Strelitz	female	19 May 1744 (NS), Mirow Palace, duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz	17 November 1818 (NS), Kew Palace	British	Queen of Great Britain and Ireland	VIAF	Charlotte collected a library of 4,000 volumes and preferred to be read to while dressing and while embroidering in the evening. She contributed to the development of Kew gardens and took great interest in botany. She was good friends with the Harcourt family and other patrons of the arts and sciences. Patron of artists Thomas Gainsborough, Johan Zoffany, and Mary Moser; Johann Christian Bach taught her music. She accepted dedications from female writers such as Helen Maria Williams and the queen's reader, bluestocking Cornelia Knight.
Karl Gustav, prince of Smaland	male	25 August 1782 (NS)	23 March 1783 (NS)	Swedish	Prince (Sweden)	WD	Second son of Gustav III of Sweden, Catherine's godchild. Died in infancy.
Charles II August, Duke of Zweibrücken	male	29 October 1746 (NS)	1 April 1795 (NS	German	Duke (German)	VIAF
Charles (Karl) August Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach	male	1757	1828
Charles Theodore Elector of Palatine, Elector of Bavaria	male	1724	1799
William Pitt Chatham Earl, Prime Minister of Great Britain	male	1708	1778
Letellier avocat de Chartres	male						A lawyer in Chartres, unnamed by Grimm, who offered to sell a manuscript of Voltaire's. In exchange he received a gold medallion from Catherine (via Grimm) as payment. See https://books.google.com/books?id=u04oAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA58&lpg=PA58&dq=zulime+manuscrit+voltaire&source=bl&ots=9VOLiRM5Ol&sig=ACfU3U1Fum1VyO6vHipCVTmkLOGsr6Ex0w&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiUy5C3spHyAhVSEFkFHYxnDv0Q6AEwEHoECAwQAw#v=onepage&q=zulime%20manuscrit%20voltaire&f=false
Charles III of Spain King of Spain	male	1716	1788
Charles Emmanuel III Duke of Savoy, King of Sardinia	male	1701	1773
Charles X Philippe Count of Artois, King of France	male	1757	1836
Abraham-Joseph de Chaumeix	male	1730	1790				Author of attack on Encyclopedie
Charlotte Duchess of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (née princess of Saxe-Meiningen)	female	1751	1827
Charles VI King of France	male	1368	1422
Jean-Baptiste-Charles Chabroud	male	1750	1816				French lawyer and politician elected to the Estates General in 1789
Charles I King of England	male	1600	1649
Charles Frederick Henry of Württemberg	male	1770	1791				Brother of Grand Duchess Mariia Fedorovna
Charles V Holy Roman Emperor	male	1500	1558
Charlotte Queen of Württemberg	female	1766	1828				Daughter of George III
Charlotte Frederica Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin	female	1784	1840
Charles IV King of Spain	male	1740	1819
Chanon	male						Possibly a banker? Mentioned in Catherine's note to Falconet of 29 May 1770
Chastenay de Lanty Marquise de Dupleix	female
Charles Prince of Hesse-Kassel	male	1744	1836
Peredjy Chanum Princess, Regent of Derbent	female						Persian princess who became the regent of Derbent
Charles XII King of Sweden	male	1682	1718
Charles Frederick Grand Duke of Baden	male	1728	1811				Margrave of Baden-Durlach 1738-1771; Margrave of Baden 1771-1803
Zakhar Grigor'evich Chernyshev	male	18 March 1722 (OS)	29 August 1784 (OS)	Russian	Count (Russian) / General (2nd Rank) / Governor	WD / VIAF	Exchanged flirtatious notes with Grand Duchess Catherine.
Dmitrii Vasil'evich Chertkov	male	1 May 1758 (OS)	11 April 1831 (OS)	Russian	Officer / Member of the Preobrazhenskii Guards Regiment / Actual State Councillor (4th Rank)	WD	Married colonel's daughter Evdokiya Stepanvna Tevyasheva. Had 3 sons. Received the Order of St. Vladimir, Forth Class, and the Order of St. Anna, Second Class, for his civil service in Voronezh region.
Ivan Grigor'evich Chernyshev	male	24 November 1726 (OS)	26 February 1797 (OS)		Count (Russian) / Diplomat	VIAF
Petr Petrovich Chebyshev	male	c. 1725	c. 1791				Ober Procurator of the Apostolic Governing Synod
Chemineau Madame	female						Grandmother of Marie-Thérèse Geoffrin
Aleksandr Ivanovich Cherkasov Baron	male	1728	1788				1st President of the Collegium of Medicine
Petr Grigor'evich Chernyshev Count	male	1712	1773
Jean-Philippe Loys de Cheseaux	male						Swiss astronomer
Luka Matveevich Chekin	male
Vasilii Iakovlevich Chichagov	male	28 February 1726 (OS)	04 April 1809 (OS)	Russian	Admiral	VIAF	For the battle of Reval Catherine granted him the Order of St. Andrew the Apostle the First-Called. Later Catherine granted him the Order of St. George, First class.
Chimène	female						Character from Corneille's <i>Le Cid</i>
Antonio Chigi	male	1743	1816				Italian architect
Chilperic I King of the Franks	male	539	584
Nikolai Ivanovich Chicherin	male	1724	1782	Russian			general-politsmeister of St Petersburg, 1764-1782
Laure-Auguste de Fitz-James Princess de Chimay	female	1744	1814				lady in waiting to Marie Antoinette; informed people about the state of the children of Louis XVI
Denis Ivanovich Chicherin	male	1720/21	1785				Governor of Siberia
MariiaSimonovnaChoglokova, née Gendrikova	female	1723	19 March 1756 (OS)	Russian	Court	WD	Chief stewardess to Catherine
Marie-Gabriel-Florent-Auguste de Choiseul-Gouffier	male			French	Diplomat	WD / VIAF
Étienne-François, comte de Stainville, duc deChoiseul	male	28 June 1719 (NS)	8 May 1785 (NS)	French	Minister of State (France)	WD / VIAF	Catherine held Choiseul responsible for the French policy of pushing the Ottoman Empire to declare war on Russia in 1768 and then for providing the Ottomans with French military support and advisers like the chevalier de Tott. Like Catherine, the duc de Choiseul was among Voltaire's correspondents. Catherine nonetheless later credited her own correspondence with Voltaire with bringing about Choiseul's fall from royal grace and from his ministerial office in December 1770.
François-Timoléon Choisy abbé de Choisy	male	1644	1727
Louise Honorine Crozat Du Châtel Duchesse de Choiseul	female	1734	1801
Naum Nikolaevich Choglokov Pretender	male	1743	1798				Russian pretender. He volunteered to serve in the Caucasus with the chimerical intention of seizing the Georgian throne. He was arrested after defecting to the Georgians, and the war council in Kazan sentenced him in April 1771 to exile in Siberia, where he remained until the accession of Catherine’s son Paul. In a letter of 9 November 1770 (NS), Voltaire conveyed to Catherine demands from merchants in Geneva to whom Choglokov owed payment.
Louis Félix Raoul de Choiseul-Gouffier	male		1848
Charlotte-Eugénie Choiseul Countess, Abbesse of Saint-Louis in Metz	female
de Choix lieutenant colonel	male						Lieutenant colonel of the Lorraine legion taken prisoner after siege of Wawel Castle
Étienne François de Choiseul duc de Choiseul	male	1719	1785
ChristianVII, king of Denmark	male	1749	1808	Danish	King of Denmark and Norway 1766 to 1808	VIAF	Son of Frederick V of Denmark and Norway
Christina queen of Sweden Kristina Augusta	female	1628	1689	Swedish	Queen of Sweden	WD / VIAF	Daughter of Gustav II Adolf
Christian August Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst	male	1690	1747				Father of Catherine the Great
ElizabethChudleigh, duchess of Kingston	female	8 March 1721, London, England	26 August 1788, Paris, France	British	Duchess (British)	VIAF	As maid of honour to the Princess of Wales, she attracted the attentions of King George II, but did not become his mistress. Became legendary for her licentiousness. Most famous for having been found guilty of bigamy.
Cicero	male	106BCE	43BCE
Domenico Cimarosa	male	1749	1801				Italian composer engaged by Catherine
Claudius (Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus) Roman Emperor	male	10 BC	54 AD
Florimond Claude comte de Mercy-Argenteau	male	1727	1794				Austrian diplomat
John Clark	male						Architect brought on by Catherine II in 1794
Charles-Louis Clérisseau	male	1721	1820	French	Painter / architect	WD / VIAF
Marie-Joséphine Clérisseau	female			French			Daughter of Charles-Louis Clérisseau.
Clement XIII Pope	male	1693	1769
Clement XIV Pope	male	1705	1774
Clemens Wenceslaus Prince of Saxony	male	1739	1812				Archbishop-Elector of Trier (1768- 1803)
François Sébastien Charles Joseph de Croix Count of Clerfayt	male	1733	1798				Called Clairfeldt by Catherine II and Clairfait by Grimm
Marie Adélaïde Clotilde Xavière Queen Consort of Sardinia, petite fille de France	female	1759	1802				Louis XVI's younger sister
Clovis I King of the Franks	male	466	511
Friedrich Josias, duke of Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld	male				Duke (German) / Field Marshal (non-Russian)	VIAF	Usually referred to simply as the 'prince de Cobourg'.
CountJohann Ludwig Joseph von Cobenzl	male	21 November 1753, Brussels	22 February 1809, Vienna, Austria		Diplomat	WD / VIAF
Johann Heinrich Friedrich, baron vonCocceji	male	1725	1785?		Diplomat / Officer	WD
Charles-Nicolas Cochin	male	1715	1790
Cochois (Fagot)	male						tailor
Jacob Colyer	male			Dutch	Diplomat	VIAF	Dutch ambassador to Hungary and to the Ottoman Empire, count of the Holy Roman Empire. Willem Theyls served under him at Constantinople and dedicated his 'Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire de Charles XII' to him.
Marie-Anne Collot	female	1742	1821				artist and sculptor, daughter-in-law of Falconet.
Charles Jacques Collin	male	1707	1775				Steward to Madame Pompadour, was a collector of gemstones and an amateur gem engraver.
Marco Coltellini	male	1719/1724	1777				Italian opera tenor, librettist and printer
Constantina Coltellini	female						painter, miniaturist
Jean-Baptiste Colbert	male	1619	1683				French Finance minister under Louis XIV
Louis-Henri-Gabriel Conflans d'Armentières	male			French		VIAF
Confucius	male
Constantine Roman Emperor the Great	male	306	337
Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas de Caritat Marquis de Condorcet	male	1743	1794				Called Nicolas de Condorcet; philosopher, writer, mathematician
Louis-François-Marc-Hilaire de Conzié Bishop of Arras	male	1736	1805				French bishop who traveled with the Count of Artois (Charles X)
James Cook Captain	male	1728	1779				British explorer
Antonio Allegri da Correggio	male	1489	1534				Italian painter, normally known as Correggio
Pierre Corneille	male	1606	1684				French tragedian
Charles Cornwallis 1st Marquess Cornwallis	male	1738	1805
Luis de Córdova y Córdova Admiral	male	1706	1796
Antoine Court de Gébelin	male	1725	1784				Writer and scholar
François-Célestin de Loynes de La Coudraye Chevalier de la Coudraye	male	1743	1815				French navy officer
William Coxe	male	1748	1828				English historion and priest
Pierre-François Cozette	male	1714	1801				Director of tapestry manufacturing and artist
Gabriel Cramer	male	1723	1793				Principal printer of Voltaire
Philibert Cramer	male	1729	1779				Principal printer of Voltaire
Marie Françoise Catherine de Beauvau-Craon marquise de Boufflers	female	1711	1786
Franz Ludwig von Cancrin	male	1738	1812				German mineralogist, metallurgist, architect and writer who became a councillor of state at St. Petersburg. Father of Count Georg von Cancrin, or Kankrin who was a Russian minister of finance
Charles Juste de Beauvau Prince de Craon	male	1720	1793
Gustav Philipp Creutz	male	1731	1785	Swedish	/ Diplomat	WD / VIAF
Louis des Balbes de Berton de Crillon 1st Duke of Mahón, 2nd Duke of Crillon	male	1717	1796
Louis Antoine Crozat Baron de Thiers	male	1700	1770				art collector
Anne Julie Françoise de Crussol d'Uzès Duchesse de la Vallière	female	1713	1707
Adam-Philippe de Custine Count	male	1740	1793
Maria Czartoryska Duchess of Württemberg	female	1768	1854				Writer; divorced her husband, Duke Louis of Württemberg, in 1793
Michal Fryderyk Czartoryski Prince	male	1696	1755
Dagobert I Frankish emperor	male	603	639				King of Austrasia, the Franks, etc.
Hermann Conrad von Dahl	male	1714
Carl Theodore Anton Maria baron von Dalberg	male	1744	1817				elector of Mainz
Olof von Dalin	male	1708	1763				Swedish nobleman and historian
Roger de Damas	male	1765	1823	French		WD / VIAF	Protege of prince Nassau-Siegen
Charles de Damas Baron de Damas	male	1758	1795				Died in battle at Quiberon
Ange Hyacinthe Maxence de Damas Baron de Damas	male	1786	1862
George Dandin	male				Fictional Character	WD	Central character in Molière's comedy of the same name.
Vilim D'Andriia Вилим Дандрий	male						Translator who was held captive by Mustafa III along with the Russian embassador Alexey Obreskov.
EkaterinaRomanovnaDashkova, née Vorontsova	female	1743	1810	Russian	Princess (Russia)	VIAF	Wife of the prince Mikhail-Kondraty Ivanovich Dashkov (died in 1764)
Pavel Mikhailovich Dashkov Prince	male	1763	1807				Russian engineer and son of Princess Dashkova
Mikhail Ivanovich Dashkov Prince	male	1736	1764				Husband of Princess Dashkova
Leonardo Da Vinci	male	1452	1519
Delorme	male						Noted packer of antiques
Giovanni Battista Dell'Era	male	1766	1798				Italian painter
Delalain	male						Involved in the siege of Wawel Castle and taken prisoner
Demosthenes	male						Greek orator
Fedor Petrovich Denisov	male	1738	1803	Russian	Cossack / count / Officer	VIAF	Don Cossack. Patronised by and corresponded with Grigorii Potemkin.
Marie-Louise Denis (née Mignot)	female	1712	1790				Known as Madame Denis. Voltaire's niece.
Otto Wilhelm von Derfelden	male	1735	1819	Baltic German / Russian		WD / VIAF
Maria Beatrice d'Este Princess of Modena	female	1750	1829
René Descartes	male	1596	1650				Philosopher
Marie Louis Henri Descorches	male	1749	1830				Diplomat
WilliamCavendish, fifthduke of Devonshire	male	14 December 1748 (NS)	29 July 1811 (NS), London, England	British	nobleman /	WD	Whig. Most famous for his wife, Georgiana, duchess of Devonshire.
Charles de Wailly	male	1729	1798				French architect
Villim Petrovich von Dezin (Fondezin)	male	1740	1826	Russian	Admiral		Admiral of the Russian Black Sea Fleet
Diana	female						Roman goddess of wild animals
Denis Diderot	male	5 October 1713	31 July 1784	French	Philosopher / Art Critic / Writer / Playwright	VIAF	One of the great polymaths and creative writers of the European Enlightenment who wrote in virtually all prose genres and was especially innovative as the author of philosophical fictions and art criticism, from 1759 contributing to the Correspondance littéraire critical reviews of the biennial salons of paintings and sculptures at the Louvre. Primary editor of and major contributor to the Encyclopédie; completed the project following its censorship woes and the abandonment of the work by Jean Le Rond d'Alembert. Catherine suggested that the publication be finished in Russia, and later plans for a Russian second edition were discussed, but these endeavours never came to fruition. Catherine purchased Diderot's library in 1765, left it in his possession, and paid him a pension as her librarian, thereby allowing him to provide a dowry for his daughter. Diderot served as an art agent for Catherine, helping her to acquire the Crozat art collection and recruiting Etienne-Maurice Falconet to execute the famous statue of Peter I, the Bronze Horseman, in St. Petersburg. His recommendation of an economic advisor, Pierre-Paul Lemercier de La Rivière, was less successful. Diderot visited Catherine in St. Petersburg in 1773-1774. During his visit, he wrote and presented to Catherine his Mélanges philosophiques, historiques, etc. pour Catherine II. They met three times weekly and discussed matters of political theory, statecraft, legislation, and education. Beguiled by his brilliance, and diverted by his wit from her unhappy romance with Aleksandr Vassilchikov, Catherine's impression was double-edged, admiring of his intellect but sceptical that Diderot actually appreciated the difficulties even an autocratic ruler had in implementing the types of social and governmental reforms that Diderot envisaged. Catherine, said Diderot, had 'the soul of Caesar with the seductions of Cleopatra'. After returning to France, in May 1775 he sent her a Plan d'une université. The Observations sur le Nakaz, his commentary on her Instruction (Nakaz) to the Legislative Commission of 1767, reached Catherine only amongst his manuscripts sent with his library to Russia after his death. Much of his most famous œuvre was published posthumously.
Anne-Antoinette Diderot (née Champion) Wife of Diderot	female	1710	1796
Didot	male						Printer
Heinrich Friedrich von Diez	male	2 September 1751 (NS), Bernburg, Anhalt	7 April 1817 (NS), Berlin	Prussian	Diplomat / Writer / Translator / Scholar	VIAF
Thomas Dimsdale	male	29 May 1712	30 December 1800 (NS)	British	Doctor / Writer / Banker / member of Parliament	WD / VIAF
Dimitrii (Sechenov) Metropolitan	male	1709	1767
Aleksandr Matveevich Dmitriev-Mamonov		19 September 1758 (OS)	29 September 1803 (OS), Moscow, Russian Empire	Russian	Favourite / Member of the Cavalier Guards / Count (Russian)	WD / VIAF	Son of a senator. Began service in the guards. Distant relative of Grigorii Potemkin.
Matvei Vasil'evich Dmitriev-Mamonov	male	1724	1810
Prince Vladimir Sergeevich Dolgorukov	male	1717	1803	Russian	Prince (Russia)	WD
Vasilii Vasil'evich Dolgorukov	male	1752	1812	Russian	Prince (Russia) / General (2nd Rank) / Member of the Semenovskii Guards Regiment	WD	Served under Grigorii Potemkin in the Second Russo-Turkish War and acted occasionally as courier. Potemkin was rumoured to have had a soft spot for Dolgorukov's wife, Ekaterina Fedorovna (née Baryatinskaya): he is reported to have ordered the two best Gypsy dancers in Russia from the Caucasus for her, to have built her an underground palace, and, at her birthday dinner, to have served diamonds in place of dessert. After his dismissal from Russian service, he lived in Paris and Vienna, then returned to St Petersburg.
Iurii Vladimirovich Dolgorukii	male	1740	1830	Russian	/ General (2nd Rank)	WD / VIAF
Vasilii Mikhailovich Dolgorukov-Krymskii General Prince	male	1722	1782
Sergei Gerasimovich Domashnev	male	24 September 1743 (OS)	29 August 1795 (OS)	Russian	Writer	VIAF
Alexandre Marie Francois-de-Paule de Dompierre d'Hornoy	male	1742	1828				Voltaire's great-nephew
Iona Fedorovich Dondukov Иона (Ассарай) Федорович Дондуков	male	1734	1781				Kalmyk prince, officer
Mariia Vasil'evna Korsakova	female						Wife of Iona Fedorovich Dondukov
Don Quixote	male						Eponymous hero of Cervantes' novel
Dmitrii Ivanovich Donskoi Grand Prince of Muscovy, c. 1380	male	1350	1389				Son of Ivan II the Fair; Grand Prince of Moscow and Grand Price of Vladimir
Donnezac	male						Involved in the siege of Wawel Castle and taken prisoner
Aleksei Fedorovich Dondukov Prince	male	1734	1781
Vera Ionovna Dondukov Princess	female	1780	1833
Dorseville	female			French	Actress		French actress in St. Petersburg.
Claude Joseph Dorat	male	1734	1780				French writer
Gabriel François Doyen	male	1726	1806				French painter
Marie-Madeleine Guimard Drais (née Guimard)	female	1763	1779
Johann von Drewitz General Major	male	1733/39	1783
Guillaume Dubarry	male	1732	1811
Charles-Louis Ducrest Marquis	male	1747	1824
Dulcinea del Toboso	female						Character in Don Quixote
Daniel Dumaresq	male	1712	1805				English theologist, educational consultant to Cathrine, pastor of the British colony in Saint-Petersburg
Dumont	male
Jean Germain Dumesnil	male	1740	1798
Charles-François du Périer Dumouriez General	male	1739	1823
Antoine de Ferriol, comte de Pont-de-Veyle	male	1697	1774	French	Playwright	WD / VIAF
François-Michel Durand de Distroff	male	19 March 1714 (NS), Metz, France	5 August 1778 (NS), Metz, France	French	Diplomat	WD / VIAF
Nikolai Dmitrievich Durnovo	male	1725	1816	Russian	General-in-chief (2nd Rank) / Senator	WD
Angelo Maria Durini	male	1725	1796
Anne Duvivier countess of Vergennes	female	1730	1787				Wife of Charles Gravier, comte de Vergennes
Anthony Van Dyck	male	1599	1641				Flemish painter
Friedrich Matthias Eck	male	1729	1789				Director of post office, Saint Petersbourg, 1764-1789
Ahmed Resmî Efendi	male	1700	1783	Ottoman	Diplomat	WD / VIAF
Ibrahim Münib Efendi	male			Ottoman	Diplomat		Identified here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Küçük_Kaynarca.
Carl August Ehrensvärd	male	5 May 1745	21 May 1800	Swedish	Naval Officer / / Writer	VIAF
Ekaterina Pavlovna	female			Russian	Grand Duchess of Russia	VIAF
Ivan Perfil'evich Elagin	male			Russian	/ Poet / Historian / Freemason	VIAF
Elena Pavlovna	female			Russian	Grand Duchess of Russia	WD / VIAF
Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel	female	18 November 1746	18 February 1840	German	German Princess	WD / VIAF
Elizabeth I Petrovna	female	18 December 1709 (OS)	25 December 1761 (OS)	Russian	Empress of Russia	VIAF
Élisabeth Philippe Marie Hélène Princess of France	female	1764	1794				Known as Madame Élisabeth
Elizabeth Alekseevna Empress consort of Russia	female	1779	1826				Born Princess Louise of Baden; married to Alexander I
Elizabeth Landgravine of Hesse-Homburg	female	1770	1840
Elisabeth Wilhelmine Luise Duchess of Württemberg	female	1767	1790
Hugh Elliot	male	6 April 1752 (NS)	10 December 1830 (NS), London, England	British	Diplomat	VIAF
Ivan (Johann Martin) Karpovich von Elmpt	male	1725	1802
John Elphinstone	male	1722	1785	English	Naval Officer	WD / VIAF	Had a son called Samuel.
Samuel Elphinstone	male		1790	English	/	WD	Son of the naval officer John Elphinstone
Angelo Emo	male	1731	1792	Venitian	Admiral	WD / VIAF	Venitian Grand Admiral.
Vasilii Vasil'evich Engelhardt	male	1755	1828	Russian	General (2nd Rank) / Count (Russian)	WD / VIAF	Nephew of Grigorii Potemkin. After the end of his affair with Catherine, Potemkin brought five of Vasilii Engelgardt's six sisters to court, where he was rumoured to have had affairs with most if not all of them. Catherine made Vasilii one of her flügel-adjutants.
Ennery	male						Antiquities dealer who worked with Grimm
Louise Elisabeth Nicole de la Rochefoucauld duchesse d'Enville	female	1716	1797
Charles-Geneviève-Louis-Auguste-André-Timothée d'Éon de Beaumont Chevalier d'Éon	male	1728	1810				French diplomat, spy, and soldier
Louise Florence Pétronille Tardieu d'Esclavelles d'Épinay	female	1726	1783				French writer, Grimm's companion
Vigilius Eriksen	male	1722	1782				Danish painter
Ernest II Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg	male	1745	1804
Johann August Ernesti	male	1707	1781				Philologist and theologian who taught Grimm at Leipzig
Ernst Erbprinz von Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg	male	1770	1779
Petr Dmitrievich Eropkin	male	24 June 1724 (OS), Moscow?, Russian Empire	7 February 1805 (OS)	Russian	Russian nobility / governor-general / general / senator	WD / VIAF	Educated at home, Eropkin spoke no foreign languages. He began his military career serving under his father, a general-lieutenant in the Caucasus. Heerved on the boards of the Smolny Institute and of the Infantry Noble Cadet Corps, on the commission on disputed Ukrainian estates, and in the Salt Office. He supported proposals made in the Senate to reestablish capital punishment and to prosecute serfs who did not protect their owners from attack; his attitude probably was affirmed by the murder of his father-in-law, General Nikolai Leontev, by a serf in 1769. Catherine did not enact these proposals.
Erofeich sham doctor Ерофеич	male
Friedrich Karl Joseph von Erthal Reichsfreiherr	male	1719	1802				Prince-elector and Archbishop of Mainz
François Louis d'Escherny Count	male	1733	1815				Grand chamberlain of the Duke of Württemberg; author/philosopher
Johann Joachim Eschenburg	male	1743	1820				German literary critic and translator of several of Shakespeare's works into German
Christoph Friedrich von Essen	male	1717	1771				soldier
Nikolaus I Prince Esterházy	male	1714	1790
Nikolaus II Prince Esterházy	male	1766	1833
Paul III Anton Prince Esterházy	male	1786	1866
Anton I Prince Esterházy	male	1738	1794				patron of Haydn
Richard Cadman Etches	male			British	Naval Officer		Russian Commissary General of the Marine, recruited for the Russian service in 1789 by Semen Romanovich Vorontsov. Catherine approved his plan 'касательно вооружения им судов, для раззорения торговаго мореплавания' ('regarding his arming of ships to disrupt merchant seafaring') on 5 March 1789. He was not to travel south of Gibraltar and was to intercept only enemy ships, not interfering with neutral nations' ships, in accordance with Catherine's longstanding policy of armed neutrality.
Jean-Charles-Vincent de Bette d'Etienville (Etionville)	male	1758	1830				Embroiled in and wrote about his role in the Affair of the Queen's Necklace
Karl Eugen Duke of Württemberg	male	1728	1793
Eugen Friedrich Heinrich von Württemberg Duke	male	1758	1822
Leonhard Euler	male	1707	1783				Swiss mathematician, physicist, astronomer, geographer, logician and engineer
Johann Euler	male	1734	1800				First born son of Leonhard Euler
Euripides	male	480 BCE	406 BCE				Greek writer of tragedies
Evechous	male						one of the first Babylonian kings
Iakov Mikhailovich Ezdemirovich	male			Montenegrin	colonel
Etienne-Maurice Falconet	male	1716	1791	French	Sculptor / Art Critic	WD / VIAF	Friend of Diderot, author of the famous Bronze Horseman statue of Peter the Great in St. Petersburg.
Pierre-Etienne Falconet	male	1741	1791	French	Painter	WD / VIAF	Son of sculptor Etienne-Maurice Falconet. Married his father's pupil Marie-Anne Collot.
Hayyim Samuel Jacob Falk Baal Shem of London	male	1708	1782
Falkenberg Doctor	male
William Augustus Henry Fawkener	male	1750	1811				British diplomat
Marie-Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier, marquis de La Fayette	male	6 September 1757 (NS)	20 May 1834 (NS)	French	Officer / Marquis	WD / VIAF	Famous for his participation in the American Revolutionary War and in the French Revolution.
Felino	male				Marquis	VIAF
Sidi Tahar Ben Abdelhaq Fennic	male						Moroccan ambassador to France
Fredrik Axel von Fersen	male	1719	1794	Swedish	General (2nd Rank) /	WD	Fought in the French army during the Seven Years' War. Father of the more famous Hans Axel von Fersen, confidant of Marie Antoinette.
Ferdinand IV King of Naples	male	1751	1825
Marie-Thérèse de La Ferté-Imbault	female	1715	1791				salonnière and daughter of Mme Geoffrin
Jean Baptiste Feronce von Rotenkreutz	male	1723	1799				minister at Brunswick
Ferdinand III Grand Duke of Tuscany, later Prince-elector and Grand Duke of Salzburg	male	1769	1824
Ferdinando Maria Filippo Lodovico Sebastiano Francesco Giacomo Duke of Parma	male	1751	1802
Villim Villimovich Fermor	male	1702	1771
Fedor Petrovich Filisov	male	1731	1784	Russian		WD
Filaret Nikitovich Romanov Patriarch	male	1553	1633				commissioned church in Yaroslavl' visited by Catherine on Volga voyage
Mikhail Mikhailovich Filosofov	male	1732	1811
AlleyneFitzherbert, Baron St Helens	male	1 March 1753 (NS), St Helens, Derby, England	19 February 1839 (NS), London, England	British	Diplomat / Baron (British)	WD / VIAF
Fleming	male
Jean-François Joly de Fleury	male	1718	1802				French finance minister after Necker
Georg Detlev von Flemmin	male	1699	1771
Denis Ivanovich Fonvizin	male	1745	1792				Playwright; secretary to N.I. Panin
Bernard Le Bovier de Fontenelle	male	1657	1757
Fontaine	male						Frenchman involved in a scandal related to the Lanskoy family
François de Fontanges	male	1744	1806				Archbishop of Toulouse
Johann Georg (Georg) Forster	male	1754	1794
Ferigo Todero Foscari	male	1733	1797				Venetian diplomat in Russia
Charles James Fox	male	24 January 1749 (NS), London, England	13 September 1806 (NS), Chiswick House, London, England	British	/ Member of Parliament (Great Britain)	WD / VIAF	Catherine was so pleased with Fox's interventions in the diplomatic struggle between Russia and England that she famously placed a bust of Fox between those of Cicero and Demosthenes at Tsarkoe Selo. This elicited a satirical engraving by James Sayers, 'The Patriot Exalted'.
Benjamin Franklin	male	1706	1790				Author, inventor, Founding Father
Francis I Stephen Holy Roman Emperor	male	1708	1765
Francis Xavier Elector of Saxony	male	1730	1806
Francis II Holy Roman Emperor, Emperor of Austria	male	1768	1835
François I King of France	male	1494	1547
Francis Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saafeld	male	1750	1806
Fransures Chevalier de Fransures	male						Naval officer who wished to enter into Catherine's service
Franz Xavier Prince of Saxony	male	1730	1806
Frederick II (the Great)	male	18 January 1712 (NS), Berlin	17 August 1786 (NS), Sans Souci	Prussian	King of Prussia	WD / VIAF	Catherine visited the court at Berlin multiple times during her youth; rumour even held for a long time that Catherine was Frederick's daughter. Later, Catherine could not have missed the positive image of Frederick as an Enlightened monarch via the writings of Voltaire and the Encyclopédistes; her son Paul studied Frederick as a model for imitation. She maintained an interest in Frederick long after his death: she annotated the Abbé Carlo Giovanni Maria Denina's 'Essai sur la vie et le règne de Frédéric II, roi de Prusse' (the notes can be found in Sochineniya, ed. by A.N. Pypin, xii, pp. 675-86). She claimed, though, to be unable to read very far in his posthumous works, finding his insults and lies regarding Russia unbearable (see, for example, her letter to Grimm of 23 January 1789).
Frederick V	male	1723	1766	Danish	King of Denmark and Norway 1746 to 1766	VIAF	Father of Christian VII of Denmark and Norway
Ivan Iur'evich Frederiks Baron	male	1723	1779				Court banker (Johan Georg Freedericksz)
Frederick VI King of Denmark and Norway	male	1768	1839
Frederika Sophia Wilhelmina Princess of Orange	female	1751	1820
Frederica Dorothea Wilhelmina Queen of Sweden	female	1781	1826				Sister of Grand Duchess Elizabeth; born Princess Frederica of Baden
Frederica Dorothea Louise Philippine Princess Radziwill	female	1770	1836				Born Princess Louise of Baden, niece of Frederick the Great
Frederick Francis I Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin	male	1756	1837
Frederick IV Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg	male	1774	1825
Frederick Louis Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin	male	1778	1819
Friedrich duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin	male	9 November 1717 (NS)	24 April 1785 (NS)		Duke (German)	VIAF
Friedrich August duke of Holstein-Gottorp-Oldenburg, prince bishop/coadjutor of Lübeck	male	20 September 1711 (NS)	6 July 1785 (NS)		German Prince	VIAF	Father of Hedwig Elisabeth Charlotte, future duchess of Södermanland and queen of Sweden.
Friedrich Wilhelm II	male	25 September 1744, Berlin, Prussia	1797-11-16, Potsdam, Prussia	German	King of Prussia 1786 to 1797	VIAF
Friederike Dorothea Sophia von Brandenburg-Schwedt, duchess of Württemberg	female	1736	1798		Duchess (German)	VIAF	Mother of the future Grand Duchess Mariia Fedorovna, wife of the future Paul I.
Friedrich II Eugen duke of Württemberg	female	1732	1797		Duke (German)	VIAF	Father of the future Grand Duchess Mariia Fedorovna, wife of the future Paul I.
Friedrich Wilhelm Karl, prince of Württemberg	male	6 November 1754 (NS)	30 October 1816 (NS)		Duke (German) / German Prince / King of Württemberg / Officer / Governor	WD / VIAF	Brother of Russian Grand Duchess Mariia Fedorovna. Abusive husband of Auguste Karoline, née princess von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel.
Friederike Luise, princess of Hesse-Darmstadt, queen of Prussia	female	16 October 1751 (NS)	25 February 1805	German	German Princess / Queen of Prussia	VIAF	Sister of Paul's first wife, Wilhelmine of Hesse-Darmstadt (married name Grand Duchess Natal'ia Alekseevna).
Friedrich Christian, elector of Saxony	male	5 September 1722 (NS)	17 December 1763 (NS)	German	Prince-elector	VIAF
Friederike Charlotte Ulrike Katharina, princess of Prussia	female	7 May 1767 (NS)	6 August 1820 (NS)	German	German Princess / Duchess (British)	VIAF	Daughter of the future Friedrich Wilhelm II and his wife Elisabeth Christine of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel. Catherine's god-daughter.
Friedrich Wilhelm prince of Hesse-Philippsthal	male	1764	1804	German	/ Colonel (6th Rank)	VIAF	Served in the Russian army in the Izium Hussar regiment.
Friederike Elisabeth Amalie Auguste Duchess of Württemberg	female	1765	1785
Friedrich Wilhelm Carl (William I) King of Württemberg	male	1781	1864
Friedrich Wilhelm III King of Prussia	male	1770	1840				Reigned 1797-1806
Friedrich Ludwig Karl (Louis Charles)	male	1773	1796				Second son of Friedrich Wilhelm II
Friedrich Augustus Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst	male	1734	1793
Friederike Auguste Sophie Princess consort of Anhalt-Zerbst	female	1744	1827				Sister in law of Catherine II; born Princess of Anhalt-Bernburg
Friedrich August I Elector of Saxony	male	1750	1827
Funck	male						Huntsman for Catherine
Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg count of Fürstenberg	male	1760	1799				Prussian general
Karl Egon I CANT' FIND ANYONE WITH THIS NAME zu Fürstenberg	male	1729	1787
Caterina Gabrielli	female	1730	1796				Italian opera singer
Giulia Gabrielli (née Sforza-Riario)	female						Identification uncertain
Dmitrii Gagrin	male		1780	Russian	Colonel (6th Rank)	WD
Prince GavrilaPetrovichGagarin	male	09 January 1745 (OS)	19 January 1808 (OS)	Russian	Prince (Russia)	WD / VIAF
Louis-Jean Gaignat	male	1697	1768				French Collector
Berardo Galiani	male	1724	1774				Art historian
Baldassare Galuppi Composer	male	1706	1785				Venetian composer
Paul-François de Gallucio marquis de l'Hôpital	male	1697	1767				French ambassador to Russia, 1757-1760
Ferdinando Galiani	male	1728	1787				Italian economist
referred to as 'the young Gallatin' Gallatin	male						a prominent family of Geneva, the Gallatins were good friends with Voltaire, who recommended sending a 16-year-old member of the family to Riga to study German, Russian, and law, in order to enter Catherine’s service.
Galibert	male						French officer in service of Polish confederacy
Aleksandr Pavlovich Galakhov	male	1739	1798
Abram Petrovich Gannibal	male	1696	14 May 1781	Afro-Russian	/ Engineer / General (2nd Rank)	VIAF	Grandfather of Alexandr Pushkin
Garkoy	male						artist/painter
MetropolitanGavriil (PetrPetrovichPetrov-Shaposhnikov)	male			Russian	Metropolitan	WD / VIAF	Metropolitan of St. Petersburg
Caroline-Stéphanie-Félicité de Genlis comtesse de Genlis	female	1746	1830				French writer
Edmond-Charles Genêt	male	1763	1834				French diplomat, spy
Ivan Simonovich Gendrikov Count	male	1719	1778
Georg Ludwig prince of Holstein-Gottorp	male	16 March 1719 (NS)	7 September 1763 (NS)		German Prince / Field Marshal (non-Russian)	VIAF	Catherine's maternal uncle, who fell in love with her when she was 14: she agreed to marry him, but soon afterward she was summoned to Russia to marry the future Peter III instead. A close advisor of Peter III during his short reign, Georg Ludwig left Russia following Catherine's coup. Upon his death, Catherine became guardian of his two sons, Wilhelm August and Peter Friedrich Ludwig.
George III	male	24 May 1738 (NS), St. James's Square, London	29 January 1820 (NS), Windsor	British	King of Great Britain and Ireland / king of Great Britain and Ireland / king of Hanover	VIAF
George IV	male	12 August 1762 (NS), St. James's Palace, London	26 June 1830 (NS), Windsor	British	King of Great Britain and Ireland	VIAF
Marie-Thérèse Rodet Geoffrin Madame	female	1699	1777				salonnière
George II King of Great Britain	male	1683	1760
Johann Gottlieb Georgi	male	1729	1802				German naturalist, geographer
Georg I Frederick Karl Duke of Saxe-Meiningen	male	1761	1803
Claude Louis comte de Saint-Germain	male	1707	1778
Salomon Gessner	male	1730	1788				Swiss printmaker, author and poet
Giovanni Battista Ghigi	male		1780				Abbot, geographer, editor
Grigore III Ghica Hospodar of Moldavia	male	1724	1777
Gianini Countess	female						Countess from Brunswick in whose home Catherine II's mother grew up (from letter 02822)?
Edward Gibbon	male	1737	1794
Nicolas-François Gillet	male	1712	1791				French sculptor and director of the Imperial Academy of Fine Arts in St Petersbourg
Karl Khristianovich von Ginzel'	male	1741	after 1816	Russian	Lieutenant General (3rd Rank) / Governor	WD / VIAF
François Girardon	male	1628	1715				Sculptor of Louis XIV
Girard	male						According to Falconet's letter to Catherine of 9 November 1769, Girard had been in Petersburg for the past three years gathering materials for a history or description of Russia. See Correspondance de Falconet avec Catherine II, ed. Louis Réau (Paris: Champion, 1921), p. 108.
Anne-Germaine Girardot de Vermenoux	female						Appears in the Portrait d'Olympe in the <i>Correspondence Littéraire</i>; sculpted by Houdon
Dieudonné-Gabriel Humbert Comte de Girecourt	male	1734	1795				Author of <i>Essai sur l'histoire de la maison d'Autriche</i>
Şahin Giray Khan	male	1745	1787				Khan of Crimea. Catherine installed the mercurial but compliant Şahin Giray as khan and sent Russian forces to keep him on the throne.
Selim III Giray Khan of Crimea	male	1713	1786
Antonii Glezi	male			Greek	Naval Officer		Was in charge of the Greek ship "Panagia de Duseno" that went from Sevastopol to spy on the Crimean tatar army. Potemkin asked Catherine to promote Glezi.
Aleksandr Ivanovich Glebov General Field-marshal	male	1722	1790
Ivan Fedorovich Glebov	male	1707	1774				Military Commander
Ivan Iakovlevich Globa	male		1791	Ukranian	Cossack	WD
Christoph Willibald Gluck composer	male	1714	1787
Gloukhof	male						A lieutenant of the corps of engineers whom Suvorov had elevated to the corps of artillery cadets after the taking of Prague
Manuel Godoy y Álvarez de Faria	male	1767	1851				Prime Minister of Spain
CountJohann Eustach von Görtz	male	5 April 1737 (NS), Schlitz, Upper Hesse	7 August 1821 (NS), Regensburg	Prussian	Diplomat / Count (German)	WD / VIAF
Prince Golitsyn	male			Russian	Field Marshal (non-Russian)
Leopold HeinrichGraf von der Goltz	male	19 March 1745 (NS), Berlin	15 June 1816 (NS), Berlin	Prussian	Count (German) / General (2nd Rank) / Diplomat	VIAF
Dmitrii Alekseevich Golitsyn	male	15 May 1734 (OS), Gireevo, Moscow Region, Russian Empire	1803	Russian	Diplomat / Scholar	VIAF	As Russian ambassador in The Hague, Golitsyn hosted Diderot on his way to and from Russia, arranged for Catherine's early interactions with Grimm, organised the purchase of Diderot's library, signed the contract with Falconet, purchased large quantities of art for Catherine, corresponded with Voltaire, and arranged for the publication of Helvétius's 'De l'homme'. Honorary member of the Russian Academy of Arts, author of various scholarly works. Supporter of the physiocrats.
Prince Dmitrii Mikhailovich Golitsyn	male	15 May 1721 (OS)	19 September 1793 (OS), Vienna, Austria	Russian	Diplomat / Prince (Russia)	WD / VIAF
Prince Aleksandr Mikhailovich Golitsyn	male	1723	1807	Russian	Prince (Russia) / Senator / Vice-Chancellor (Russia) / diplomat	WD / VIAF
Prince Petr Mikhailovich Golitsyn	male	1738	1775	Russian	General (2nd Rank)	WD	Commanded troops involved in suppressing the Pugachev Rebellion.
Pavel Andreevich Golovatyi	male	1715	1790-1795	Ukranian	Cossack	WD	Last military judge of the Zaporozhian Sich.
Sergei Fedorovich Golitsyn	male	1749	1810	Russian	Prince (Russia) / Colonel (6th Rank)	VIAF
Nikolai Alekseevich Golitsyn	male	1751	1809	Russian	Prince (Russia) / Senator	VIAF	Grandson of Prince Dmitry Mikhailovich GolitsynServed as a Russian ambassador to Sweden.
Natal'ia Petrovna Golitsyna Princess	female	1741	1838
Praskov'ia Andreevna Golitsyna (née Shuvalova) Princess	female	1767	1828
Carlo Goldoni	male	1707	1783				Italian playwright, librettist, friend of Voltaire
Egor Andreevich Golovtsyn Головцын Major General	male	c. 1730?	c.1780?				governor of Arkhangelsk
Karl Franz von der Goltz	male	1740	1804				Brother of Gol02; Prussian general
Fedor Gavrilovich Golovkin Count	male	1766	1823				Memoirist, Russian ambassador to Naples
Nikolai Mikhailovich Golitsyn Prince	male	1727	1786/1787				Ober-gofmarshal of Catherine's court
Aleksandr Mikhailovich Golitsyn Field Marshal Prince	male	1718	1783
August Stanislaus von der Goltz	male	1725	1795
William Gomm	male						Merchant with the "Russia Company"; from 1765 - court banker of Catherine
Fedor Goncharov	male			Russian	Officer		Fought under General N.M. Golitsyn to suppress the Pugachev Rebellion from January 1774. Particularly distinguished himself at the Battle of Sakmarsky Gorodok on 1 April 1774.
George Gordon Lord	male	1751	1793				British politician involved in the "Gordon Riots"
Gostomysl Prince of Novgorod	male
Friedrich Wilhelm Gotter	male	1746	1797				German poet
William Gould	male	1735	1812				Potemkin's garden designer
Bernardas Stanislovas Gozdskis	male	1704	1771
Charles Gravier Comte de Vergennes	male	1719	1787
Michał Grabowski General	male	1773	1812				natural son of the King of Poland, Stanisław August Poniatowski
Philibert de Gramont	male	1621	1707				memoirist
Thomas Robinson 2nd Baron Grantham	male	1738	1786				British statesman
Sir Samuel Greig	male	30 November 1735 (NS), Inverkeithing, Fife, Scotland	26 October 1788 (NS), Reval/Tallinn harbour, Russian Empire	British	Admiral	WD / VIAF
Jean-Baptiste Greuze	male	1725	1805				French portrait and genre painter
Thomas Grenville	male	1755	1846				British politician, son of PM George Grenville, brother of George Nugent Temple (Lord Temple)
Friedrich Melchior Grimm	male	26 December 1723 (NS), Regensburg	19 December 1807 (NS), Gotha		Journalist / Writer / Baron (German)	VIAF	A familiar of Parisian salons and aristocratic circles, he was editor of the biweekly manuscript periodical Correspondance littéraire, philosophique et critique between 1753 and 1773, with circulation limited to about fifteen crowned heads of Europe, including Catherine the Great, Frederick II, and Stanislas Poniatowski. Grimm first met Catherine in St. Petersburg in 1773, when he accompanied to Russia the brother of Wilhelmine Luise of Hesse-Darmstadt, the future Grand Duchess Natal'ia Alekseevna. From September 1773 to April 1774, Catherine received him for private conversations and often shared private matters with her fellow German; their correspondence continued until a month before Catherine's death. He visited Russia again in 1776-1777, when he officially entered Russian service. A friend of Diderot and Rousseau, and a controversial figure with a reputation for false friendship, he served as Catherine's agent in Paris for the purchase of works of art, for a stipend of 2,000 rubles annually. He served as the intermediary for, among other things, the purchase of Voltaire's library, the censorship of Catherine's correspondance with Voltaire in the Kehl edition, the recruitment of composer Giovanni Paisiello, and the copying of the Raphael Loggias for the Winter Palace.
Johann Ludwig Grimm	male	1714	1777				Oldest brother of Friedrich M Grimm; mayor of Regensburg
Griff	male						banker who took charge of a parcel for Catherine II
Johann Melchior Grimm Pastor	male	1682	1749				Father of Friedrich Melchior Grimm
Sibylle Margarete Grimm	female	1684	1774				Mother of Friedrich Melchior Grimm
Fedor Ivanovich Gross	male	1729	1796	Russian	diplomat	WD / VIAF	Served as the intermediary for Catherine's correspondence with Johann Georg Zimmermann.
George Prince of Georgia Tsarevich Georgii Vakhtangovich Gruzinskii	male	1712	1786
Georg Christoph Grooth	male	1716	1749				German artist
Grosschlag Baron	male
Genrikh (Heinrich Gottfried) Ivanovich Gross	male	1714	1765
Jacques Guay	male	1711	1793				Gem engraver and jeweller associated with Mme de Pompadour.
Ivan Vasil'evich Gudovich	male	1741	1820
Guimené or Guéméné	male
Roger-Guillaume Baron de Fages-Chaulnes	male						Frenchman accused of playing a role in the Affair of the Queen's necklace
Karl Gottlieb Guichard	male	1724	1775				Soldier and military writer who fought under Prince Henry
Robert Gunning	male	8 June 1731 (NS)	22 September 1816 (NS)	British	Diplomat	WD
Gustav III	male	24 January 1746 (NS)	29 March 1792 (NS), Stockholm	Swedish	King of Sweden 1772 to 29 March 1792	WD / VIAF	Gustav was Catherine's cousin: his father Adolf Frederick of Holstein-Eutin, formerly prince bishop of Lübeck, and Catherine's mother Johanna Elisabeth were siblings. His mother was Louise-Ulrike, sister of Frederick II of Prussia; his father had been placed on the throne by Empress Elizabeth of Russia, who had recently chosen Catherine's future husband, the sometime Peter III, as her own successor. He instigated a war with Russia, 1788-1790. He died of wounds received in an assassination attempt at the Stockholm Opera House on 16 March 1792 (NS).
GustavIVAdolf, king of Sweden	male	1 November 1778 (NS)	7 February 1837 (NS)	Swedish	King of Sweden	WD	Son of Gustav III. Visited St. Petersburg in 1796: Catherine hoped to arrange his marriage to her granddaughter Aleksandra Pavlovna, but the engagement was broken off on religious grounds. Reigned 1792-1809.
Gustav II Adolf king of Sweden	male	1594	1632	Swedish	King of Sweden	WD
Henning Adolf Gyllenborg	male	1713	1775
Jakob Philipp Hackert	male	1737	1807				German painter
Daniel Hailes	male			British	Diplomat	VIAF	British envoy to Poland, 1788-91.
Gottlieb Emmanuel de Haller	male	1747	1833				Banker and later quartermaster for Napoleon in Italy
William Hamilton	male	1730	1806				English ambassador to Naples
Charles Hanbury Williams Sir	male	1708	1759
JamesHarris, firstearl of Malmesbury	male	21 April 1746 (NS), Salisbury, England	21 November 1820 (NS), Mayfair, London, England	British	Diplomat / Member of Parliament (Great Britain)	WD
Jean-François de la Harpe	male	1739	1803				French playwright and critic
Frédéric-César de la Harpe	male	1754	1838				Swiss political leader and personal teacher of Alexander I
Hardy	male						Hair dresser to Lanskoy, recommended by Grimm
Karl August von Hardenberg	male	1750	1822				Prussian statesman
Berndt Johan Hastfer	male	3 May 1737 (NS)	1809, Russia	Swedish	Officer	VIAF
Gottfried Fabian Haude	male	1714		Prussian		VIAF	Prussian envoy to the Ottoman Empire during the Seven Years' War
de Haussay	male						Unidentified
Robert Hay	male
Jean Hay	male
Hedwig Elisabeth Charlotte princess of Holstein-Gottorp	female	22 March 1759 (NS), Eutin	20 June 1818 (NS), Stockholm	Swedish	Duchess of Södermanland (Sweden) / Queen of Sweden / German princess / queen of Sweden	WD / VIAF	Daughter of Friedrich August, duke of Holstein-Gottorp-Oldenburg, and Ulrike Frederike Wilhelmine of Hesse-Cassel; niece of Adolf Frederick, king of Sweden (1710-1771). She grew up in Eutin and married Charles, Duke of Södermanland, younger brother of Gustav III of Sweden, the future Charles XIII of Sweden from 1809.
Jadwiga Queen of Poland	female	1373	1399
Helena Saint	female						Mother of Constantine the Great
Claude Adrien Helvétius	male	1715	1771				Swiss materialist
Georg Adolf Wilhelm von Helbig	male	1757	1813				Saxon diplomat
Henri IV	male	1553		French	King of France 1589 to 1610	VIAF
Henry, prince of Prussia	male	18 January 1726 (NS), Berlin	3 August 1802 (NS), Rheinsberg	Prussian	General (2nd Rank) / German Prince	WD
Heraclitus	male			Greek	Philosopher	WD / VIAF	Presocratic philosopher known as the 'weeping philosopher'.
CountEwald Friedrich von Hertzberg	male	2 September 1725 (NS)	27 May 1795 (NS), Berlin	Prussian		WD / VIAF
Heraclius II King of Kartli and Kakheti	male	1720	1798	Georgian	King	VIAF
Viscount de Herreira	male						Spanish ambassador to Russia and later minister to Naples
Herod	male						Biblical figure
Hercules	male						Greek mythic hero
Herodotus	male						'Father of History'
Peter Philipp Herbert von Rathkeal	male	1735	1802				Austrian ambassador to the Ottoman Empire
William Heste	male	1753	1832				Russian architect and civil engineer
Jean Frédéric Augustin Thomin de Heymann	male	1740	1801				French marechal de camp and Prussian ambassador in Munich
Hippocrates	male
Louis-Grégoire Lehoc (Le Hoc)	male	1743	1810				Representative of France in Sweden, 1795-1796
Franziska Theresia von Hohenheim	female	1748	1811				Official mistress then second wife of the Duke of Württemburg
Ludvig Holberg	male	1684	1754				Norwegian (at the time Danish) writer, essayist, philosopher, historian and playwright
Homer	male
Jaan van Hooft	male		1726	Dutch	Admiral	WD	Served in the Russian Navy. Father-in-law of Kingsberghen.
Johann Ludwig Hordt	male	1719	1798	Swedish	/ Lieutenant General (3rd Rank)	VIAF	Lieutenant-General in the Prussian army. Was taken hostage by the Russian Army in the Seven Years' War. Was freed by Peter III
Adam Horn	male	1719	1778	Swedish	/	VIAF
Horace	male
Jean-Antoine Houdon	male	1741	1828				French sculptor
Jean-Pierre-Louis-Laurent Houël (sometimes Houel)	male	1735	1813				Engraver, painter
Richard Howe	male	1726	1799	English	Admiral	WD / VIAF	Served in the American Revolutionary War.
Jean Huber	male	1721	1786				Genevan painter
Johann Heinrich Hurter	male	1734	1799				artist
Huseyngulu Khan of Baku	male	1774	1845
Huttel	male						somehow involved in second Russo-Turkish war, provided a count of troops
Iaenisch	male						Minister at Leipzig recommended to Catherine as an agronomist
Iakovlev	male						Complains about Falconet's design for the Bronze Horseman. See Falconet's letter to Catherine of 1 June 1770.
Aleksei Aleksandrovich Iakovlev	male	1726	1781				Statesman and senator
Ibrahim Pasha	male			Ottoman	Officer	WD / VIAF
Petr Ivanovich Ievlev	male			Russian
Otto Henrik (OsipAndreevich) Igelström	male	1737	1817	Russian	Count (Russian) / general	VIAF
Friedrich Wilhelm Prince of Isenburg and Budingen	male	1730	1804
Andrei Iakovlevich Italinskii	male	1743	1827				Minister in Naples
Mikhail Mikhailovich Izmailov	male	1722	1800
Iziaslav Prince of Polotsk	male	978	1001				Oldest son of Vladimir the Great
François Jacquier	male	1711	1788				Mathematician
Ivan Varfolomeevich Iakobii Якоби (Якобий)	male	1726	1803
Jakovleff	male
Robert James	male	1703	1776				English physician, inventor of a fever powder
Janikli Haji Ali-pacha	male	1720	1785
Teodor Janković-Mirijevski	male	1741	1814				Educational reformer
Gilles-Gervais de La Roche-Loumagne comte de Gensac	male						Commander of troops in the fall of Lauterbourg 1740s
Petr Gerasimovich Zharkov	male	1742	1802				painter and miniaturist
Louis Chevalier de Jaucourt	male	1704	1779				Encyclopedist
Thomas Jenkins	male	c. 1722	1798				antiquities and art broker who sold pieces to Catherine II via intermediaries
Francis Jimenez	male
Jogaila (Władysław II Jagiełło) King of Poland	male	1362	1434
John Louis II Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst	male	1688	1746				Paternal uncle of Catherine the Great
Johann Friedrich von Medem Count	male	1758	1778
John Paul Jones	male	1747	1792	Scot	Naval Officer	WD / VIAF	Naval commander in the American Revolutionary War. After the was he moved to Paris. Later Catherine invited him to serve in the Russian Navy at the Black Sea. However, he did not live up to the expectations and was dismissed.
Joseph II	male	13 March 1741 (NS), Vienna	20 February 1790 (NS), Vienna	Austrian		VIAF	Met Catherine in 1780, travelling incognito as comte de Falkenstein; he made a very positive impression on her, she frequently alluded with pleasure to their meeting at Mogilev, and an Austrian alliance was concluded the next year. He also joined her on her Crimean tour of 1787. Catherine regarded his education policies as a model: in 1782 Joseph sent F.I. Jankovich de Mirjevo to Russia to help with Russian education reform and oversee the translation of textbooks into Russian.
Karl Christian Joseph, prince of Saxony	male			German		VIAF	Duke of Courland until 1763, when he lost his duchy and his claim to the Russian throne through Catherine's maneuvering.
Frederick Josias Prince of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld	male	1737	1815
Joseph Xavier Karl Raphael Philipp Benno Chevalier de Saxe	male	1767	1802
Jean-Baptiste Jourdan	male	1762	1833				French statesman, soldier
Juliana Maria Queen of Denmark and Norway	female	1729	1796				Born Duchess of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel-Bevern
Karl Baron Julius	male
Justa Grata Honoria	female
Ali Bey al-Kabir	male	1728	1773				a Mamluk leader in Egypt
Kachkine	male						courrier
Vasilii Vasil'evich Kakhovskii	male	1738	1795	Russian	Governor	WD	Namestnik of Ekaterinoslav, 1789-94
Mikhail Vasil'evich Kakhovskii	male	1734	1800
Petr Ivanovich Kalnyshevskii	male	1691	31 October 1803 (NS)	Ukranian	Cossack	WD / VIAF
Kalitschef	male			Russian			Russian minister
Mikhail Fedotovich Kamenskii	male	1738	12 August 1809 (OS)	Russian		WD
Count Nikolai Mikhailovich Kamenskii	male	27 December 1776 (OS)	4 May 1811 (OS)	Russian	General (2nd Rank)	WD / VIAF	Son of Field Marshal Mikhail Fedotovich Kamenskii.
Lukian Ivanovich Kamynin	male	1720	1788	Russian			Privy Counsellor, senator
Sergei Dmitrievich Kantemir	male	1706	1780				Brother of author Antiokh Kantemir
Matvei Dmitrievich Kantemir	male	1703	1771				Brother of author Antiokh Kantemir
Pervul Kantakuzin Первул (Пырвул) the ruler of Wallachia	male		1769				Prozorovsky also mentioned Rodion (Radukan) Kantakuzin, who helped Nazar Karazin.
Karoline Henriette, landgravine of Hesse-Darmstadt (die große Landgräfin)	female	9 March 1721 (NS), Straßburg	30 March 1774 (NS), Darmstadt		Landgravine (German)	WD / VIAF	Learned patron of writers including Herder, Wieland, and Goethe. Goethe gave her the name 'the Great' (she is generally known as 'Die Große Landgräfin'). Frederick the Great sent an urn with the inscription 'femina sexo, ingenio vir' ('A woman by sex, a man by spirit') to be placed on her grave. Catherine admired the Landgravine during the latter's visit to Russia in 1773.
KarlIVTheodor, Elector of the Palatinate and Bavaria	male	11 December 1724 (NS)	16 February 1799 (NS), Münich		Prince-elector	WD / VIAF
Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand, duke of Braunschweig-Lüneburg-Wolfenbüttel	male	9 October 1735 (NS)	10 November 1806 (NS)		Duke (German)	WD / VIAF	His seven children included Auguste Karoline von Württemberg and the future Queen Caroline, wife of George IV.
Karl XII King of Sweden	male	1682	1718	Swedish	King of Sweden	WD / VIAF	Companion-in-arms of Peter the Great. His army was defeated in the battle of Poltava
Kara Mahmud Pasha	male	1749	1796				Ottoman Albanian governor of Scutari (reign 1775-1796)
Karaman Pasha	male		1769				Mentioned in Catherine's letter to Falconet of 15 May 1769. Apparently died in the Russo-Turkish campaign of 1769 near Khotyn.
Nazar Aleksandrovich Karazin	male	1731	1783	Bulgarian			Catherine's agent in Turkey. He was granted 500 serfs; settled in Sloboda Ukraine after 1769, married. His son Vasiliy is known as Russian enlightener who founded Kharkov University.
Nikolai Matveevich Karadykin	male	1744	1804
Vasilii Alekseevich Kar	male	1730	1806
Evgenii Petrovich Kashkin	male	1737	1796	Russian	Governor-General / General-in-chief (2nd Rank)	WD	Was governor-general in Perm, Tobolsk, Vologda, Yaroslavl, Kaluga.
Prince Wenzel Anton Kaunitz (von Kaunitz-Rietberg)	male	2 February 1711 (NS), Vienna	27 June 1794 (NS), Mariahilf bei Wien	Austrian	Diplomat / Chancellor (1st Rank)	VIAF
[Maria Anna ] Angelika Kauffman	female	1741	1807				Swiss painter
Ivan Zakharovich Kel'khen	male	1722	1800	Russian	/ Doctor	WD / VIAF
Richard Kempenfelt	male	1718	29 August 1782	British	Admiral	WD / VIAF
Augustus Keppel Admiral, first viscount Keppel	male	1725	1786
Heinrich Christian von Keyserling	male	1 August 1727 (OS)	21 November 1787 (OS)	Baltic German	Russian nobility / Diplomat / Writer	VIAF	In Leipzig entered the Polish Guard and was knightedAfter the death of his father, he tried to advise Catherine on prince Repnin's affairs in Poland, displeased Catherine and had to resign. Wrote several pamphlets and brochures about political affairs in Poland and Courland. Was married to countess Caroline Amalie von Keyserling (née Truchses von Waldburg). Lived in Königsberg until his death.
CountessCaroline Amalie von Keyserling	female	1727	1791		Russian nobility / / Salon Hostess	VIAF
Hermann Karl von Keyserling	male	1697	19 September 1764 (OS)	German / Russian	Diplomat	WD	Father of Heinrich Christian von Keyserling.
Petr Ivanovich Khanykov	male	1743	1813				rear-admiral in Imperial Russian Navy
Nikolai Konstantinovich Khotinskii	male	1727	1811
Ivan Samoilovich Khorvat	male	1722	1786	Serbian	major general
Aleksandr Vasil'evich Khrapovitskii	male	7 March 1749 (OS)	29 December 1801 (OS)	Russian	State Secretary (Russia) / Freemason	WD / VIAF	As Catherine's secretary, Khrapovitskii helped her extensively with her literary productions, spending long hours and sleepless nights copying out her plays, correcting her style, and composing verses for her operas.
Iaan Hendrick Kingsberghen	male	1735	1819	Dutch	Admiral	WD / VIAF	Was in the Black Sea fleet during the 1st Russo-Turkish war. Returned home and took part in the war with England and the one that followed the French revolution. Even though Potemkin wanted him to join the Black Sea fleet, Kingsberghen couldn't go back to Russia.
Fedor Ivanovich Kishenskii	male	1744		Russian	Colonel (6th Rank)	WD
M Kleopin Captain	male						referenced in letter 02901. Catherine II presented 2000 rubles.
Adolph Knigge Freiherr	male	1752	1796				German writer, freemason, and illuminati member who wrote using the name Philo
Knorring	male			Livonian / Russian	General (2nd Rank)	WD / VIAF
Charles Knowles 1st Baronet, Admiral Sir	male	1704	1777
Koca Yusuf Pasha	male			Ottoman	Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire / Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire	WD
Friedrich Albert Koch	male	1740	1800
Georg Friedrich Koenig	male			German		VIAF	Sculptor who worked in Austria, England and Russia. Died in the early 19th cent.
Stepan Alekseevich Kolychev	male	15 July 1764 (OS)	14 May 1805 (OS)		Member of the Horse Guards / Vice-Chancellor (Russia) / Actual Privy Councillor (2nd Rank)	WD
Stepan Stepanovich Kolychev	male	1756	1810
Komarovskii	male						courier used by Catherine and Grimm in 1790s
Konstantin Pavlovich	male			Russian	Grand Duke of Russia	WD / VIAF
Mikhail Timofeevich Koniaev captain	male	1727	1789				Hero of the battle of Patras (26-29 October (6-9November) 1772)
Nikolai Ivanovich Korsakov	male	1749	24 August 1788	Russian	Engineer / Colonel (6th Rank)		One of the best engineers of the Russian Army. Main constructor of Kinburn and Kherson.Both Potemkin and Suvorov held him in high esteem.
Ivan Nikolaevich Rimskii-Korsakov	male	1754	1831				Favourite of Catherine II
Nikolai Andreevich Korff Baron	male	1710	1766
Johann Albrecht von Korff Baron	male	1697	1766
Andrzej Tadeusz Kościuszko	male	1746	1817				Led the Kościuszko Uprising
August Friedrich Ferdinand von Kotzebue	male	1761	1819				German dramatist and writer who worked as a consul in Russia
Timofei Gavrilovich Kozlianinov	male		March 1798 (OS), Arkhangelsk, Russian Empire	Russian	Vice-Admiral	WD
Grigorii Vasil'evich Kozitskii	male	1725	1775				Latin translator; writer; Catherine's cabinet secretary
Fedor Alekseevich Kozlovskii Prince	male	1740s	1770
Sergei Matveevich Kozmin Козмин, Козьмин, Кузмин	male	1723	1788				State secretary of Catherine II
Ivan Ivanovich Kozlov Active Privy Councilor, General	male
Mikhail Semenovich Kozlovskii Prince	male	c. 1700	1767				Governor of Smolensk
Aleksei Semenovich Kozlovskii Prince	male	1707	1776
Mikhail Nikitich Krechetnikov	male	1729	1793
Karl Fedorovich Kruse	male	1727	1799				Doctor at Catherine II's court
Iosif Krute Иосиф Круте	male						Interpreter who was held captive by Mustafa III along with the Russian embassador Alexei Obreskov
Aleksandr Ivanovich Kruse	male	1731	1799				vice admiral in Imperial Russian Navy, fought in Russo-Swedish War 1788
Nefed Nikitich Kudriavtsev	male	1676	1774				Vice-Governor of Kazan (1727-1740); Major-General
Aleksandr Borisovich Kurakin Prince	male	1752	1818
Boris-Leontii Aleksandrovich Kurakin Prince	male	1733	1764
Prince Mikhail Illarionovich Golenishchev-Kutuzov	male	5 September 1745	16 April 1813	Russian	Field Marshal (non-Russian) / /	WD / VIAF	Allowed Napoleon to take an adandoned Moscow, which was set on fireBurried at the Kazan Cathedral in Saint-Petersburg
Géraud de La Chau Abbé de La Chau	male	1750	?
Franz Moritz von Lacy Field marshal	male	1725	1801
Lady	female						One of Catherine's dogs, mother to Zelmire
Alexandre-Théodore-Victor comte de Lameth	male	1760	1829				French soldier, politician
Giovanni Battista von Lampi (the Younger)	male	1775	1837				Austrian portrait painter
Lambert	male						Possibly Charles de Lambert, a French royalist soldier who joined the Russian forces; He is said to be a count, but Sirio lists him as a marquis?
Laméry acteur de la Troupe de Lyon	male
Égide Louis Edme Josephde Lespinasse, chevalier de Langeac	male			French	French nobility	VIAF
Aleksandr Dmitrievich Lanskoi	male	1758	1784	Russian	Favourite	WD
Iakov Dmitrievich Lanskoi	male	1764	1790s				youngest brother of A D Lanskoy
Vasilii Sergeevich Lanskoi Russian Minister	male	1754	1831				lieutenant colonel, cousin of AD Lanskoy
Louis Alexandre Andrault de Langeron Count	male	1763	1831				soldier in France, Russia
Ivan Lanskoi	male
Jean-François de Galaup Comte de La Pérouse	male	1741	1788?				naval officer
Pierre Henri Larcher	male	1726	1812				classical scholar, archaeologist
Philippe de Lasalle	male	1723	1804				designer and entrepreneur in the 18th Century Silk Trade
Gideon Ernst von Laudon (Loudon)	male	2 February 1717, Tootzen, Livland	14 July 1790, Neutitschein, Mähren	Austrian		VIAF
Mathieu Paul Louis de Montmorency vicomte de Laval-Montmorency	male	1748	1809
Lavrof	male						courrier
Johann Kaspar Lavater	male	1741	1801				Swiss writer, physiognomist, and poet
Erik Gustavovich Laxmann	male	1737	1796				Finnish explorer and naturalist who studied Siberian fauna and attempted to establish relations between Russia and Japan
Adam Erikovich Laxmann	male	1766	c 1806				Finnish military officer and one of the first Russian subjects to go to Japan
Jacques-Gabriel-Louis Le Clerc marquis de Juigné	male	1727	1807				Louis XVI's plenipotentiary minister to Catherine II
Nicolas-Gabriel Le Clerc	male	1726	1798
John Ledyard	male	1751	1789				American explorer arrested by Catherine the Great
Dominique Lefèvre	male		1812	French	Dancer	WD / VIAF	Dancer at the imperial court in St Petersburg.
Fredrik Wilhelm Lejonanker	male	1737	1801				rear admiral for Sweden, captured in Hogland during Russo-Swedish War
Henri-Louis Cain (Lekain or Le Kain)	male	1728	1778				Celebrated actor, described by Karamzin in Letters of a Russian Traveler
François Lemoyne (Le Moine)	male	1688	1737				French painter
Jean Charles Pierre Lenoir	male	1732	1807
Lenchen (Lehnchen)	female						Name Catherine II gave to the woman with whom Y. Lanskoy nearly eloped
Leopold II (Peter Leopold Joseph Anton Joachim Pius Gotthard) Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary, Duke of Tuscany	male	1747	1792
Leopold III Frederick Franz Duke of Anhalt-Dessau	male	1740	1817
Vasilii Ivanovich Levashov	male	c. 1740	1804	Russian		WD	Friend of Potemkin.Major of the Semenovskii Guards Regiment.Ambassador in Naples.
Dmitrii Grigor'evich Levitskii	male	1735	1822				Russian painter
Aleksandra Petrovna Levshina	female	1757	1782				Lady-in-waiting for Catherine II (until 1780)
Pavel Artem'evich Levashov	male	1719?	1820
Charlotte von Lieven Princess	female	1748	1828				Imperial governess
Charles-JosephLamoral, prince de Ligne	male	23 January 1735 (NS, baptised), Brussels	13 December 1814 (NS), Vienna, Austria		Diplomat / Writer / Courtier	VIAF
Charles prince de Ligne	male	1759	1792				Son of Prince de Ligne
Andreas Lindemann	male	1730	1787				Obstetrician and professor in St Petersbourg, present at death of Grand Duchess Natal'ia Alekseevna
Sir Lindon	male						Dog that Prince Henry of Prussia gave to Catherine
Philipp Daniel Lippert	male	1702	1785				German draughtsman and antiques dealer with an office in Dresden
Livio	male						Courier used by Grimm and Catherine, Baccus's replacement
Akim Grigor'evich Lizakevich	male	1742					Diplomat
Vasilii Grigor'evich Lizakevich	male	1737	1815
Joseph Maria Karl, PrinceLobkowitz	male				Diplomat /	VIAF
Franz Joseph Maximilian von Lobkowitz Prince	male	1772	1816
John Locke	male	1632	1704				English thinker
G Lohmann	male
Mikhail Vasil'evich Lomonosov	male	1711	1765				Russian scientist and writer, academician
Evdokiia Nikolaevna Orlova-Chesmenskaia (née Lopukhina)	female	1761	1786
Petr Vasil'evich Lopukhin Most Serene Prince	male	1753	1827
Anton Pavlovich Losenko	male	1737	1773				Russian neoclassical painter
Loss Count of Loss	male
Louis XVI	male			French	King of France	WD / VIAF	Reigned 10 May 1774-21 September 1792
Louise Frederike duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin	female	3 February 1722 (NS), Stuttgart	2 August 1791 (NS), Hamburg		Duchess (German)	WD / VIAF
Louise princess of Hesse-Darmstadt	female	30 January 1757 (NS), Berlin	14 February 1830 (NS), Weimar		German Princess	WD / VIAF	She visited St. Petersburg with her mother, Landgravine Karoline of Hesse-Darmstadt, and two sisters in 1773. While Catherine saw to Wilhelmine's marriage to Grand Duke Paul, she supported Louise's candidacy for marriage with Gustav III's brother, the duke of Södermanland; the duke married Hedwig Elisabeth Charlotta of Holstein instead.
Louis, prince of Prussia	male	5 November 1773 (NS)	28 December 1796 (NS)	German	German Prince	WD / VIAF	Son of the future Friedrich Wilhelm II and his wife, Friederike Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt
Louise Ulrike, Queen of Sweden, née Princess of Prussia	female	24 July 1720 (NS)	16 July 1782 (NS)	German / Swedish	Queen of Sweden / German Princess	WD / VIAF	Sister of Frederick the Great and Prince Henry of Prussia, mother of King Gustav III of Sweden.
Louis XIV	male			French	King of France	WD / VIAF	Reigned 1643 to 1715.
Louis Ferdinand Dauphin of France	male	1729	1765
Louis Joseph Xavier François Dauphin of France	male	1781	1789
Louis XVIII King of France	male	1755	1824				Louis-Stanislas-Xavier, Comte (count) de Provence
Louis Joseph de Bourbon Prince of Condé	male	1736	1818
Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon Duchess of Orléans	female	1753	1821
Louise Charlotte Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin	female	1779	1801				Initially engaged to Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden
Ludwig Friedrich Alexander Duke of Württemberg	male	1756	1817
Louis-Henri de Bourbon duc de Bourbon	male	1756	1830
Louis XV	male			French	King of France	WD / VIAF	Reigned 1715-1774.
Louis IX (St. Louis)	male	1214	1270
Antoine Louis	male	1723	1792				French surgeon
Philip James de Loutherbourg	male	1740	1812				French-born British painter
Louise Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin	female	1756	1808				Daughter of Prince John August of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
Louise Adélaïde de Bourbon Princess of Condé	female	1757	1824
Louis XVII King of France	male	1785	1795				Born Louis Charles, Duke of Normandy
Louisa Augusta of Hesse-Darmstadt Princess and Landgravine	female	1757	1830
Jean-Baptiste-Joseph de Lubersac	male	1740	1822				French politician
Wladyslaw Aleksander Lubienski	male	1703	1767
Girolamo Lucchesini	male	7 May 1751 (NS), Lucca	20 October 1825 (NS), Florence		Diplomat / Courtier	WD / VIAF	Much disliked by Catherine for his anti-Russian actions in Poland.
Jean-André Deluc (de Luc)	male	8 February 1727 (NS), Geneva	7 November 1817 (NS), Windsor		Writer / Naturalist	VIAF	Friend of Johann Georg Zimmermann and one of his most important correspondents: Zimmermann's archive contains 120 letters from Deluc, 1775-1778 (Johann Georg Zimmermann: königlich grossbritannischer Leibarzt (1728-1795), p. 225). Deluc made important contributions to geology and meteorology: he argued that water vapour was a gas that expands independently of other gases, a suggestion that helped lead to Dalton's law of partial pressures; his research on determining mountain heights using a barometre contributed to improvements in barometre and thermometre design; and his research worked toward more modern dating of geological strata. In accordance with his Calvinist religious beliefs, he analysed rock layers as evidence of developments from God's initial creation of a chaotic fluid; these geological epochs, in his opinion, corresponded to the six days of Genesis, after which these processes had ceased and Biblical history of the past 5,000-6,000 years began. He opposed Lavoisier and worked on an early kind of battery, which in a later improved version was named the Zamboni pile.
Nicolas Count Luckner	male	1722	1794				German officer in French service who became Marechal of France
Ludwig IX landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt	male	12 December 1719 (NS)	06 April 1790 (NS)		/ Field Marshal (non-Russian)	VIAF
LudwigI, Grand Duke of Hesse	male	14 June 1753 (NS)	6 April 1830 (NS)	German	German Prince	VIAF	Brother of Grand Duchess Natal'ia Alekseevna and disliked by Catherine. He was engaged briefly to Sophia Dorothea of Württemberg, but the engagement was broken off so that she could marry Catherine's son Paul and become Grand Duchess Mariia Fedorovna. He later married his cousin Luise Henriette Karoline of Hesse-Darmstadt.
Ludwig Karl Frederick of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld	male	1755	1806				Youngest son of Ernst Frederick of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
Luka Konashevich	male		1758				Russian Orthodox bishop known for his anti-islamic mission in Kazan
Martin Luther	male	10 November 1483, Eisleben	18 February 1546, Eisleben		Theologian	VIAF
Ivan Andreevich Lutovinov	male	1707	c. 1778				captain of the Preobrazhensky regiment (in 1768)
Andrei L'vov	male	1751	1823	Russian	Officer	WD
Nikolai Aleksandrovich L'vov captain	male	1753	1803	Russian			poet, architect; was a diplomatic curier at the Collegium (College) of Forein Affairs in the 1770s
Lysias	male
Gabriel Bonnot Abbé de Mably	male	1709	1785				French philosopher
Machkof	male						Russian officer
Macartney	male						Man who intervened to fight with the the chevalier of Saxony
Antoni Madaliński General	male	1739	1805				General who disobeyed order to demobilize troops and marched to Krakow
Barnabé Augustin de Mailly	male	1732	1793
Nicolas Malebranche	male	1638	1715				French priest and philosopher
Stepan Malyi	male		1773	Slovene			One of the 'pretenders,' who called himself Peter III. Ruled Montenegro for four years.
Jacques Mallet du Pan	male	1749	1800
Malstizan	male						Baron involved in taking Wawel Castle in Krakow who was taken as a prisoner of war
Pavel Dmitrievich Mansurov	male	1726	1801	Russian	General (2nd Rank) / Senator	WD	Played an important role in suppressing the Pugachev Rebellion.
Maniard	female						Unknown reference in letter 04770
Anna Dorothea Morandi Manzolini	female	1716	1774				Sculptor and artist
Mansur Ushurma Sheikh	male	1732	1794				Chechen Islamic leader who led resistance against Catherine's expansion into the Caucasus
Ernst Sébastien von Manstein Russian Lieutenant-Gen.	male	1678	1747				Aide de Camp of Louis XVI
Manfredini	male						First minister of the grand duke of Tuscany
Françoise Eléonore de Jean de Manville Countess of Sabran	female	1749	1827
Maria Theresia	female	13 May 1717, Vienna	29 November 1780, Vienna	Austrian	Holy Roman Empress / Queen of Hungary and Bohemia	WD / VIAF	Daughter of Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI. Retained power through the War of the Austrian Succession (1740-1748). Officially co-ruler with her husband Francis I and her son Joseph II, but in fact the only Habsburg female sovereign ruler. Known for her Catholic piety and rejection of Religious toleration.
Mariia Fedorovna grand duchess then empress of Russia	female	25 October 1759 (NS), Stettin	24 October/5 November 1828, St. Petersburg	Russian	German Princess / Grand Duchess of Russia / Empress of Russia	VIAF	Sophie was Catherine's first choice for Paul's wife, but she was too young in 1773. Frederick II and his brother, Henry of Prussia, arranged for her to marry Paul after the death of Grand Duchess Natal'ia Alekseevna: her betrothal to Ludwig, prince of Hesse-Darmstadt, was broken and compensated by a 10,000 ruble pension by Catherine. Before their marriage, Paul presented her with an set of instructions on how to behave at court and how to establish an orderly married life. She claimed to love her husband dearly and bore him 10 children. Catherine was quite satisfied with her new daughter-in-law: she wrote to Mme Bielke on 5 September 1776 that 'je suis engouée de cette charmante princesse, mais engouée à la lettre: elle est précisement telle qu'on la voudrait: taille de nimphe, teint de lis et de rose, la plus belle peau du monde, grande et avec de la carrure, elle est légère; la douceur, la bonté de son coeur, la candeur sont répandues sur sa physionomie; tout le monde en est enchanté, et quiconque ne l'aimera pas, aura grand tort, car elle est née et fait tout pour l'être' (SIRIO, xxvii, pp. 117-18). In her later years, she became a bastion of conservatism at the court of her son, Alexander I. (See McGrew, Paul I, 95-104).
Mariia Pavlovna	female	3 February 1786 (OS)		Russian	Grand Duchess of Russia	VIAF
Maria Theresia of Austria-Este, queen of Sardinia	female	1 November 1773 (NS)	29 March 1832	Austrian	Archduchess of Austria / Queen of Sardinia	WD / VIAF
Marcus Aurelius	male	121 AD	180 AD		Roman Emperor	VIAF	Both a conqueror and the author of a set of famous 'Meditations', Marcus Aurelius was one of the Enlightenment's models of the philosopher king.
Maria Antonia Walburga, electress of Saxony	female	18 July 1724 (NS)	23 April 1780 (NS)	German	Electress	WD / VIAF	Born a princess of Bavaria, Maria Antonia married the future Elector Friedrich Christian of Saxony. Highly cultured, she corresponded with Frederick II and Maria Theresa.
Jean-Louis Le Cointe seigneur de Marcillac	male	1729		French
Marie Elisabeth von Holstein-Gottorp Abbess of Quedlinbourg	female	1678	1755
Maria I Francisca Isabel Josefa Antónia Gertrudes Rita Joana Queen of Portugal	female	1734	1816
Martinelli	male						Painter working for Catherine
Anton von Maron	male	1733	1808				Painter and brother in law to Mengs @people-men01
Therese Concordia Maron (née Mengs)	female	1725					Artist, elder sister of Mengs, married to Maron, known for pastels and miniatures
Panos Maurutis Maruzzi; Маруцци; Маруций; Марузий marquis	male	1720	1801				Russian diplomat in Venice from 1768-1783.
Marie Antoinette (born Maria Antonia Josepha Johanna) Queen of France	female	1755	1793
Marcel	female						French dancer given a sabbatical by Catherine II and Grimm
Maria Carolina Queen of Naples and Sicily	female	1752	1814
Marie Adélaïde Duchess of Louvois	male	1732	1800				Louis XVI's aunt
Mary Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh	female	1776	1857
Vicente Martín y Soler	male	1754	1806				Spanish opera and ballet composer; Invited to St Petersburg by Catherine (she called him Sr Martini)
Maria Christina Duchess of Teschen	female	1742	1798
Maria Augusta Princess of Saxony	female	1782	1863
Antoinette Louise Marchais	female						Daughter of Jean-Josephe de La Borde's gardener
Maria Amalia Archduchess	female	1780	1798
Maria Luisa of Spain, Grand Duchess of Tuscany, Holy Roman Empress Wife of Leopold II	female	1745	1792
Marchesini	male						opera singer
Maria Amalia Duchess of Parma	female	1746	1804
Jean-François Marmontel	male	1723	1799
Alexander Mass Александр Масс second major (1773)	male
Ignacy Jakub Massalski	male	1727	1794				Catholic bishop
Aleksei Mikhailovich Maslov	male	1715	1773
Simeon Matveev	male						Chaplain of the Russian Embassy in Paris, 1767-1781
Matveev Матвеев captain	male						referenced in letter 02901. Catherine II suggested a promotion.
Angélique-Marie Élisabeth Émilie de Matignon (née Le Tonnelier de Breteuil)	female	1757	1833
Jean-Frédéric de Monrepaus (Maurepas) Count de Monrepaus	male	1701	1781
Paul-Emile de Mauclerc	male	1698	1742				Pastor, French Church Stettin
Nicholas Mavrogenes	male				Hospodar or Prince of Wallachia	VIAF
Georgakis Mavromichalis	male			Greek			One of the leaders in the Orlov revolt (17(28) February - 26 May(7 June) 1770)
Constantine Mavrocordatos Prince of Wallachia	male	1711	1769
Maximilien III Joseph Elector of Bavaria	male	1727	1777
Maximilian Francis Archduke of Austria, Elector of Cologne	male	1756	1801
Mayer (Meyer)	male						German carpenter who instructed Alexander I and Konstantine I
Jakob Heinrich Meister	male						editor of the <i>Correspondence Littéraire</i> after Grimm
Gabriel Sénac de Meilhan	male	1736	1803				French writer who witnessed the start of the French Revolution
Fedor Ivanovich Meknob	male	1737	1791	Russian	Colonel (6th Rank)	WD	Participant of the 1st Russo-Turkish war. Got into an argument with the governor of Kerch Borzov and was brought to court. Potemkin pleaded for him, so instead of prison Meknob was sent to the army.
Petr Ivanovich Melissino	male	1726	1797
Sebastião José de Carvalho e Mello Marquis de Pombal	male	1699	1782
Denis Melnikov Денис Мельников	male						Was held captive by Mustafa III along with the Russian embassador Alexey Obreskov.
Melon	male						French traveler who wrote about travels in Petersbourg
Ivan Ivanovich Melissino	male	1718	1795
Anton Raphael Mengs	male	1728	1779				German-Bohemian painter
Johann von Mestmacher	male	1733	1785				Minister of Russia in Dresden
Prokopii Vasil'evich Meshcherskii Prince	male
Pietro Metastasio	male	1698	1782				Pietro Antonio Domenico Trapassi (real name); Italian poet and librettist
Meyer	male
Kazimir (Gerhard Konrad Kasimir) Ivanovich von Meyendorff Freiherr	male	1749	1813
de Mézière	male						author of 'Les Fruits de l'éducation', cited by Falconet.
Mezentsov	male
Joseph Miaczynski	male	1743	1793				Polish general, guillotined in French revolution
Michel	male						Steward and close confidant of Betzki, as noted in Correspondance de Falconet avec Catherine II, 1767-1778, avec une introduction et des notes par Louis Réau.
Alexandre Jean Mignot	male	1725	1791				Voltaire's nephew and abbot
Ivan Ivanovich Mikhel'son	male	1740	1807	Russian	General (2nd Rank)	WD / VIAF	Played an important role in suppressing the Pugachev Rebellion.
Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov Tsar	male	1596	1645
Ivan (Johann) Ivanovich Möller-Sakomel'skii	male	1725	1790		Officer	WD	Artillery lieutenant-general.Lopatin asserts that Meller is the correct version of his surname. although both are in use.
Miller	male						Called "Chevalier Miller" or "Muller" who seemed to be working on spinning machines
Ivan Milovsky Иван Миловский major	male
Millioti	male	1739	1764				Italian trader
Andrei Stepanovich Miloradovich	male	1727	1796
Honoré GabrielRiqueti, comte de Mirabeau	male	1749	1791	French	Writer / Journalist / / Freemason / Diplomat	WD / VIAF
Vasilii Iakovlevich Mirovich	male	1740	1764
Mirzazade Seyit Mehmet Sait Efendi	male						Grand mufti of the Ottoman Empire, 1770-1773
Michal Jerzy Wandalin Mniszech Count	male	1742	1806
Demetrio I Mocenigo del Zante	male	1723	1793
Jean-Baptiste Moheau	male	1745	1794				French demographer
Molière	male			French	Playwright	VIAF
Ivan Ivanovich Möller-Sakomelsky	male	1725	1790				Russian artillery commander
Armand Marc, comte deMontmorin Saint-Hérem	male			French	Diplomat / Minister of Foreign Affairs	WD / VIAF
Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu	male	18 January 1689 (NS)	10 February 1755 (SNS)	French	Writer / Philosopher	WD / VIAF
Raimondo Montecuccoli	male	1609	1680				Italian-born professional soldier who served the Habsburg Monarchy
Montyou	male						French demographer
Montemurli	male						Spanish (?) writer whose "Memoires" Grimm passed along to Catherine II at the request of a woman at court Grimm knew
Montriblond	male						Offered to buy a collection of paintings from Grimm/Catherine II
José Moñino y Redondo Count of Floridablanca	male	1728	1808
Mathieu Jean Felicité duc de Montmorency-Laval	male	1767	1826				French statesman during the French Revolution
Nikolai Semenovich Mordvinov	male	1754	1845	Russian	Admiral /	WD / VIAF	Son of admiral Semen Ivanovich Mordvinov. Received the Order of St. Anna.
Ivan Mikhailovich Morsoshnikov (Morsochnikov)	male	1717	1785				Treasurer-officer
Jean-Michel Moreau	male	1741	1814				French illustrator and engraver ("Moreau le Jeune")
Jean Victor Marie Moreau	male	1763	1813
Moreau	male						Doctor seeking employment in Russian army, a son of Jean Nicolas Moreau (d. 1786), premier chirurgien à l'Hôtel-Dieu
Mikhail Ivanovich Mordvinov	male	1730	1782
Moralı Dervish Mehmed Pasha	male						Grand vizir 1775-1777
Semen Ivanovich Mordvinov	male	1701	1777
Friedrich Carl von Moser	male	18 December 1723 (NS)	10 November 1798 (NS)		/ Writer / German nobility	WD / VIAF	First minister to Ludwig IX, landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (1772-1780), during which time he introduced extensive reforms and sought to save the small state from financial ruin. Since Landgravine Karoline Henriette had encouraged his appointment, her death in 1774 weakened his position at court, where he also faced opposition from important families and from the landgrave's disinterest in his policies. His 'Der Herr und der Diener' (1759) was translated into Russian in 1766.
Moses	male						Biblical figure
Jeanne de Valois-Saint-Rémy Countess de la Motte	female	1756	1791				French woman notorious for role in the Affair of the Queen's Necklace
Muhammad $$$ Mahomet @lang-fr	male	c. 570	632
Grigorii Ivanovich Mulovskii	male	1758	1789	Russian	Naval Officer	WD / VIAF	Named in Khrapovitskii's diary entry of 6 August 1789 as having died in the Battle of Öland: 'Убит в сражении Капитан бригадирскаго ранга Муловский' ('Captain with the rank of brigadier Mulovskii was killed in the battle') (Khrapovitsky, Dnevnik, p. 302).
Gerhard Friedrich Müller	male	1705	1783				Russian-German historian
Ernst Johann von Münnich	male	1707	1788		Count (Russian)	WD / VIAF	President of the Commerce College from 1774 until his death in 1788. Son of Burkhard Christoph von Münnich.
Burkhard Christoph von Münnich Marshal	male	1683	1767
John Murray	male	1712	1775
Jean-Bernard Gauthier de Murnan	male	1748	1796				French officer
Morteza Qoli Khan Qajar	male	1750/1755	1798/1800				painted by Borovikovsky
Mustafa III	male	28 January 1717 (NS)	21 January 1774 (NS)	Ottoman	Sultan of the Ottoman Empire	WD / VIAF
Count Valentin Platonovich Musin-Pushkin	male			Russian	General (2nd Rank) / Count (Russian)	WD
Aleksei Vasil'evich Musin-Pushkin	male		1803	Russian	Vice-Admiral	WD / VIAF
Muhsinzade Mehmed Pasha	male			Ottoman	Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire December 1771 to August 1774	WD / VIAF
Mustafa-Bey Тешери Фачи Мустафа Бей Эфенди Джани Хаджа Заде ambassador	male
Aleksei Semenovich Musin-Pushkin Count	male	1730	1817
Aleksei Ivanovich Nagaev Admiral	male	1704	1781
AnnaNikitichnaNaryshkina, née Rumiantseva	female	11 February 1730 (OS)	2 February 1820 (OS), St. Petersburg, Russian Empire	Russian	Courtier	WD	Naryshkina became friends with Catherine II which she was still grand duchess, since her husband Aleksandr Aleksandrovich was Hofmeister to Grand Duke Paul from 1749. As empress, Catherine frequently visited Naryshkina, both in town and at her dacha at Krasnaya Myza outside St. Petersburg. Naryshkina seems to have been one of the main proponents of Platon Zubov as a replacement for Aleksandr Dmitriev-Mamonov as favourite in 1789.
Lev Aleksandrovich Naryshkin	male	1733	1799	Russian	Russian nobility / courtier	WD / VIAF	One of Catherine's favourite courtiers, known for his jester-like behaviour. According to Catherine's memoirs, as grand duchess she was offered a choice between Lev Naryshkin and Sergei Saltykov as her lover to help her produce an heir: she chose Saltykov. Naryshkin was the butt of many a court joke and the target of Catherine's satirical writings, such as the Léoniana ou Dits et faits de sir Léon Grand Ecuyer recueillis par Ses AmisRelation authentique d'un voyage outre-mer, que sir Léon grand écuyer aurait entrepris par l'avis de ses amis.
Pietro Nardini Italian composer	male	1722	1793				Violinist and composer
Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Naryshkin	male	1726	1795				Cupbearer and husband of nar01
Mariia Alekseevna Naryshkina	female	1762	1823
Aleksei Vasil'evich Naryshkin	male	1742	1800
Charles-Henri-Nicolas-Othon, prince ofNassau-Siegen	male	1745, Sénarpont, Somme, France	19 April 1808, Tynna, Russian Empire	French	Vice-Admiral	WD / VIAF
Jacques Necker	male	1732	1804		Minister of State (France)	WD / VIAF
Suzanne Necker	female	1737	1794				salonnière, writer
Innokentii Nechaev archbishop of Pskov and Riga	male	1722	1799
Il'ia Vasil'evich Neelov	male	1745	1793	Russian	Architect	VIAF	Developed a building plan for Tsarskoe Selo.His father Vasilii Ivanovich Neelov also was an architect.
Vasilii Iakovlevich Nekliudov	male						Preobrazensky regiment, 1768
Corneille-François de Nélis Bishop of Anvers	male	1736	1798
Patrice-François de Neny	male				Writer	WD / VIAF	Author of Mémoires historiques et politiques sur les Pays-Bas autrichiens et sur la constitution tant interne qu'externe des provinces qui la composent, 2 vols (Brussels, 1784).
Ivan Ivanovich Nepliuev	male	1693	1773
Davyd Gavrilovich Neranchich	male	1751		Serb			Adjutant of Catherine II. Brother of Semen Gavrilovich Zorich.After the death of his childless uncle general M. F. Zorich, took his surname.
Maximilian Julius Wilhelm Franz Nesselrode Count	male	1724	1810
Nestor the Chronicler	male	1054	1114
Constantijn Netscher	male	1668	1723				Dutch painter
Neubaum	male						banker, traveled with M Griff
Aleksandr Nevskii Prince of Novgorod and of Vladimir	male	1220	1263				Canonized by the Orthodox Church in 1547
Isaac Newton	male	1643	1727				Scientist and mathematician
Duca di San Nicolo	male						plenipotentiary minister from the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
Friedrich Christian Nicolai	male	1733	1811				German writer, enlightener
Margaret Nicholson	female	1750	1828				English woman who attacked King George III
Nicholas I Emperor of Russia, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Finland	male	1796	1855
Aleksandr Fedorovich Nikiforov	male						Diplomat
Louis de Noailles 4th Duke of Noailles	male	1713	1793
Jean-Louis-Paul-François de Noailles 5th Duke of Noailles, previously duc d'Ayen	male	1739	1824
Adrien Maurice de Noailles Marshal of France	male	1678	1766
Baron Nolken	male			Swedish		WD / VIAF
Arvid Reinhold von Nolcken	male	1732	1802
Johan Fredrik von Nolcken	male	1737	1809
Henri Van der Noot	male	1731	1827				politician
Nostradamus	male	1503	1566
Nikolai Ivanovich Novikov	male	27 April 1744 (OS), Avdotino, Moscow Region, Russian Empire	31 July 1818 (OS), Avdotino, Moscow Region, Russian Empire	Russian	Writer / Journalist / Publisher / Freemason / Member of the Izmailovskii Guards Regiment	WD / VIAF	Famous for his journalistic exchange with Catherine's satirical journal, 'Всякая всячина' ('All Sorts'), in 1769, for his prolific output as a writer and as publisher at the Moscow University Press, and for his incarceration in 1792 for Masonic activities.
Nikolai Nikolaevich Novosiltsev	male	1761	1838				Russian statesman and aid to Alexander I
Nural Khan	male
Aleksei Mikhailovich Obreskov	male	1718	1787	Russian	Diplomat / Actual State Councillor (4th Rank) / Senator	WD / VIAF	Received the Order of St. Anna from Catherine the Great
Odin	male
Odintsov	male
Oginskii	male
James Ogilvy 7th Earl of Findlater	male	1750	1811
Andrzej Ignancy Oginski	male	1740	1787
Olaüs	male						Courier
Oleg Prince of Novgorod	male	879	912
Ol'ga Pavlovna	female	1792	1795				Fifth daughter of Paul I and Maria Feodorovna, granddaughter of Catherine II
Maria Maddalena Morelli	female	1727	1782				Italian poet known by the pseudonym Corilla Olimpica
Pablo Olivadès Don, Count of Pilos	male	1725	1803				Man targeted in the Inquisition; his struggles were published in the <i>Correspondence Littéraire</i> based on memoirs provided by Diderot
Major-General Olitz	male
Fedor Iakovlevich Olsuf'ev	male		1783	Russian
Adam Vasil'evich Olsuf'ev collector, courtier	male	1721	1784				Russian secretary of state and senator
Romoaldo Braschi-Onesti Cardinal	male	1753	1817				Cardinal and nephew of Pope Pius VI
Orestes mythological figure	male						Figure from Greek mythology
Grigorii Grigor'evich Orlov	male	6 October 1734 (OS)	13 April 1783 (OS)	Russian	Prince (Russia) / Favourite / General (2nd Rank) /	VIAF	Had four illegitimate children, one of whom was granted nobility after Catherine and prince Paul were vaccinated from him against smallpox
Vasilii Petrovich Orlov	male	1745	1801	Russian	Cossack / Officer / General (2nd Rank)	WD	Was first married to the daughter of Fedor Petrovich Denisov and then to the daughter of Dmitry Ivanovich Ilovaisky
Aleksei Grigor'evich Orlov-Chesmenskii	male	24 September 1737 (OS) (or 1735?)	24 December 1807 (OS)	Russian	General (2nd Rank) / Naval Officer / Count (Russian)	VIAF
Vladimir Grigor'evich Orlov	male	1743	1831	Russian		VIAF	The youngest brother of Grigorii Orlov. His eldest son Aleksandr died of consumption in Frnace in 1787
Fedor Grigor'evich Orlov	male	1741	1796	Russian		VIAF	Brother of Grigorii Orlov
Ivan Grigor'evich Orlov	male	1733	1791				The eldest of the Orlov brothers
Louis Philippe Duke d'Orléans	male	1725	1785
Louis Philippe II Duke d'Orléans	male	1747	1793				Called himself Philippe Égalité during the French Revolution
Grigorii Nikitich Orlov	male	1728	1803				Marshal of the Court; Гофмаршал
Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans	female	1676	1744
Anna Orlova-Chesmenskaya	female	1785	1848
Louis Guillouet Count d'Orvilliers	male	1710	1792				French admiral
Marquis of Carmarthen Francis Osborne	male	1751	1799		Minister of Foreign Affairs	WD	Duke of Leeds
Oskirkov	male
Çenebaz Osmanи Efendi Yenişehirli Osman Efendi	male	n.d	n.d.				represented Ottoman Empire in Focşani.
Count Osterman Andrei Ivanovich	male	9th June 1686, Bochum	31st May 1747		Count (German)	VIAF
Carl von der Osten-Sacken Prince	male	1725	1794
Timofei (Dietrich) Ivanovich Osterwald	male	1729	1794				Paul I's teacher
Fabian (Fabian Gottlieb) Vil'gel'movich von der Osten-Sacken	male	1752	1837				Baltic Field Marshal
Ivan Andreevich Ostermann Count	male	1725	1811
Otto II Holy Roman Emperor	male	955	983				Statesman
Ouen Ouang	male						Student of Confucius mentioned by Voltaire and known to Catherine II; Catherine jokingly refers to Grimm at Ouen Ouang
Ovid Publius Ovidius Naso	male	43 BCE	17/18				Roman poet
Johan Gabriel Oxenstierna	male	1750	1818	Swedish	/ Politician / Poet	VIAF
François Antoine Pacifique baron de Zuckmantel	male	1715	1779
Peter Ludwig von der Pahlen Count	male	1745	1826
Giovanni Paisiello	male	1740	1816				Italian composer
Cecilia Paisiello (née Pallini)	male						wife of Païsiello
Juan de Palafox y Mendoza archbishop of Mexico	male	1600	1659
Peter Simon Pallas	male	1741	1811				Zoologist and geographer, founder of zoology in Russia
Palikoutschi							Courrier and son of a Greek ship captain who served Russia; Pal03's sister served/dressed Catherine
Ivan Ivanovich Panfilov	male	1720	1794				Catherine's confessor
Count Nikita Ivanovich Panin	male	1718, Dantzig	1783	Russian	Diplomat / Count (Russian) / Educator / Minister of Foreign Affairs	WD / VIAF	See David L. Ransel, The Politics of Catherinian Russia: The Panin Party (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1975). Began service in Imperial Horse Guards under Empress Anna. Promoted to kamer-junker after participating as a member of the supporting guards regiments in Empress Elizabeth's coup; attracted the new empress's attentions and proved a threat for the favourite A.G. Razumovsky. When serving in Stockhom, Panin cultivated links with Catherine and the future Peter III's young court via his friend V.E. Adadurov, Catherine's former Russian language teacher and lasting friend; in her correspondence with Charles Hanbury-Williams, Catherine already suggested Panin as a prospective high-ranking minister in 1756. Panin entered into indirect correspondence with Catherine in the late 1750s, so by the time he became oberhofmeister to Grand Duke Paul, he acted also as an official adviser to Catherine. Both admirers of Montesquieu, Catherine and Panin wrote notes on and discussed F.H. Strube de Piermont's Lettres russiennes while she was grand duchess. Panin played an active and indeed directive role in Catherine's coup, although he believed Paul, not Catherine, to be the legitimate successor to Peter III, whose threats to disinherit Paul and policies aimed at reducing the Russian nobility's influence in government equally threatened Panin and his policy aims. According to David Ransel, 'during the mid 1760s Panin served as Catherine's most trusted minister, a man in charge of a vast range of affairs that he conducted with the full support and collaboration of the empress' (The Politics of Catherinian Russia, p. 177). Not only was he responsible for the education of Catherine's son Paul, but he was also minister of foreign affairs; entrusted with arrangements for many of Catherine's health and education policies, including her own inoculation for smallpox; helped manage the Admiralty Collegium and various questions of commerce; and was informed of all secret matters. His fall from power began in 1769, when the Turkish War bankrupted his overarching foreign policy scheme, the 'Northern Accord' (an alliance with Prussia, Denmark, Great Britain, Sweden, Poland, and Saxony, against Austria and France). He then lost a great deal of security and influence at Grand Duke Paul's majority and as a consequence of the court intrigues surrounding this event. When his Northern Accord was finally laid to rest in 1781, with an Austrian alliance signed and G.A. Potemkin's hold on influence and power solidly established for several years already, Panin retired from government, although he retained his title as Minister of Foreign Affairs.
Count Petr Ivanovich Panin	male	1721	15 April 1789	Russian	Senator / General (2nd Rank) / Count (Russian)	VIAF	General, senator, younger brother of Nikita Panin. In the early years of Catherine's reign, he worked on an army reform in the aftermath of the Seven Years' War, helped design the administration of Novorossiya, and examined the problem of fugitive serfs (Robert E. Jones, The Emancipation of the Russian Nobility, pp. 199-200). While Catherine initially respected Panin's honesty in criticism, she soon developed a personal distaste for him that eventually led to his retirement (Ransel, The Politics of Catherinian Russia: The Panin Party, p. 109). Upon retiring to Moscow in 1770, Panin became a leader of the 'Moscow opposition', nobles and bureaucrats who verbally attacked Catherine's court and thus aroused her anger (Ransel, The Politics of Catherinian Russia, p. 199). After the death of A.I. Bibikov, he was put in charge of the forces assigned to quell the Pugachev Rebellion, with Aleksandr Suvorov as his second in command. In August 1774, Panin issued a proclamation announcing harsh reprisals against all participants. He defended himself against Pavel Potemkin's accusations of inhumane cruelty by arguing that harsh punishments on a large scale were the best means to dispel false rumours that he had defected to Pugachev's cause. He was one of the most outspoken in favour of an exemplary and brutal punishment for Pugachev; although named as one of the judges in the case, he absented himself, claiming illness. The Panins' ambitions for power disquieted Catherine, and she sought to keep their close alliance with her son, the future Paul I, in check.
St. Pantaleon/Panteleimon	male				Saint	VIAF
Aleksandra Ivanovna Kurakina (née Panina) Countess	male	1711	1786				Sister of N.I. Panin
Giovanni Paolo Panini	male	1691/92	1765				Italian painter
Charles-Joseph Panckoucke	male	1736	1798				publisher
Jean-Baptiste Le Paon	male	1738	1785				French painter
Filippo Antonio Pasquale Paoli Паскаль Паоли	male	1725	1807				Corsican patriot
Paracelsus	male	1493/94	1541				Swiss alchemist and physician
Petr Ivanovich Pastukhov	male	1733	1799				Writer, translator, senator, and Catherine II's cabinet secretary
Petr Bogdanovich Passek	male	1736	1804
Paul I emperor of Russia	male	20 September/1 October 1754	11 March 1801	Russian	Grand Duke of Russia / Emperor of Russia	WD / VIAF	Son of Catherine the Great and Peter III, although there have long been serious doubts as to whether Catherine's lover Sergei Vasil'evich Saltykov was in fact Paul's father. Catherine encouraged such doubts by recounting in her memoirs how her chief stewardess Maria Semenovna Choglokova, at Empress Elizabeth's instigation, gave her the option of taking Sergei Saltykov or Lev Aleksandrovich Naryshkin as a lover to ensure the birth of an heir to the throne. Paul was taken away from Catherine at birth to be raised under Elizabeth's supervision.
Pauli	male						Banker in Lubeck
Paul Heinrich Karl Friedrich Prince of Württemberg	male	1785	1852
Pavlof	male						courier used in the 1790s by Catherine and Grimm
Pedro Clemente Francisco José António King of Portugal	male	1717	1786				King of Portugal, youngest brother of Maria I's father
Pellerin	male
Baron de Pellemberg	male						Features in letter 02770
Algernon Percy 1st Earl of Beverley	male	1750	1830
Afanasii Petrovich Perfil'ev Афанасий Петрович Перфильев	male	1731	1775				Yaik cossack
Johann Anton von Pergen	male	1724	1814				Diplomat and statesman for Austria/Holy Roman Empire
Ivan Borisovich Pestel'	male			Russian	Director of Posts	VIAF	Director of the Moscow posts from 1789 to 1798.
Peter the Great	male			Russian	Emperor of Russia	VIAF
Peter Friedrich Ludwig prince of Holstein-Gottorp Peter I, grand duke of Oldenburg	male	17 January 1755 (NS)	21 May 1829 (NS), Wiesbaden		German Prince	WD / VIAF	Son of Georg Ludwig of Holstein-Gottorp and Sophie Charlotte, duchess of Holstein-Beck. Younger brother of Wilhelm August of Holstein-Gottorp. Catherine's cousin on her mother's side. Raised by Catherine.
Peter Friedrich Wilhelm, prince of Holstein-Gottorp	male	3 January 1754 (NS), Eutin	2 July 1823 (NS), Plön		German Prince	WD / VIAF
PeterIII, emperor of Russia	male	10 February 1728 (OS)	6 July 1762 (OS)			VIAF	Catherine's cousin, born Karl Peter Ulrich von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf. The marriage was not a happy one, and Catherine paints a very negative portrait of him in her memoirs.
Ivan Ivanovich Petushin	male			Greek			A messenger between Nikita Panin and Mavromichalis. Referenced in letter 02853
Peter the Wild Boy	male	1713	1785
Jean Louis Pettremand	male
Peter August Friedrich Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck	male	1697	1775
Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Peutling	male	1739	1795
Sophie Albertine Pfitznerin	female			French			Unidentified French émigrée, residing in Frienstedt bei Erfurt in 1789.
Pharamond	male						Legendary early king of the Franks
Phaon	male						Figure from Greek mythology, supposedly loved by Sappho
Philippine Charlotte of Prussia, duchess of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel	female				Duchess (German)	WD / VIAF	Sister of Frederick II (the Great) of Prussia.
François-André Danican Philidor	male	1726	1795				French composer and chess player
Philip V King of Spain	male	1683	1746
Phidias	male	480BC	430BC	Greek			Greek sculptor
Philinte	male						Character in Molière's <i>Le Misanthrope</i>
François Pierre Pictet	male	1728	1798				Secretary to Catherine II, acquaintance of Voltaire
Jean-Charles Pichegru	male	1761	1804				French general
Giovanni Pikler	male	1734	1791				Italian-German artist who engraved gems and stones
Ivan Alferovich Pil'	male		1801				Governor-general of Irkutsk and Kolyvan'
Nicolas Pineau	male	1684	1754				architect
Pindar	male	518 BCE	438 BCE
Manuel Pinto de Fonseca	male	1681	1773
Giovanni Battista Piranesi	male	1720	1778				Italian architect and engraver
Alexis Piron	male	1689	1773				dramatist
William Pitt the Younger	male	28 May 1759 (NS)	23 January 1806 (NS)	British	Prime Minister of Great Britain / / Member of Parliament (Great Britain)	WD / VIAF
William Pitt 1st Earl of Chatham, Prime Minister of Great Britain Pitt the Elder	male	1708	1778
Pittacus	male						Greek general and sage
MetropolitanPlaton (PetrGeorgievichLevshin)	male	29 June 1737 (OS), Chashnikovo village, Russian Empire	11 November 1812 (OS), Bethany, Russian Empire	Russian	Metropolitan / Writer / Scholar / Educator	WD / VIAF
Matvei Ivanovich Platov	male	1751	1818		/ General (2nd Rank) /	VIAF	Leader of the Cossack army against Napoleon. Distinguished himself in the attacks on Ochakov and Izmail.Paul I dismissed him from the army and put him in the Peter and Paul fortress
Plato	male	427BCE	347BCE				Greek philosopher
Konstanty Ludwik Plater	male	1722	1778
Plutarch	male
Pochel	male						Entertainment / theatre businessman - as noted in Correspondance de Falconet avec Catherine II, 1767-1778, avec une introduction et des notes par Louis Réau.
Gabriel Jan Podoski	male	1719	1777
Reinhold Wilhlem von Pohlmann Major-general	male	1727	1795				soldier, friend of the Empress, and caretaker of Zelmire at Lohde
Antoine Alexandre Henri Poinsinet	male	1735	1769				librettist
Poignardini	male						Poignardini appears repeatedly in Voltaire’s writings to designate criminal Jesuits.
Vasilii Ipat’evich Polianskii	male	1742	1800				priest, freethinker
Stanislas August Poniatowski	male	17 January 1732 (NS)	12 February 1798 (NS)	Polish	King of Poland 1764 to 1795 / Diplomat / Favourite	VIAF
Józef Poniatowski Prince	male	1763	1813				Nephew of the King of Poland, Marshal of the French Empire
Pons marquise de Pons	female						Presumably the wife or daughter of Louis Marc Pons, marquis de Pons (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6053213)
Vasilii Stepanovich Popov	male	1745	5 November 1822 (OS)	Russian	Officer / Civil Service / Actual Privy Councillor (2nd Rank)	WD / VIAF	1740 and 1743 are other possible years of birthTrusted assistant to Grigorii Potemkin. Maintained Potemkin's correspondence with Suvorov, Ushakov, Kutuzov, and others. After the death of Potemkin, he was responsible for Catherine's cabinet and held ministerial posts. In disgrace under Paul I, he entered the State Council under Alexander I.
Pope Clement XIV Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio Ganganelli	male	1705	1774
Pope Pius VI Giannangelo Braschi	male	1717	1799
William Henry CavendishCavendish-Bentinck, thirdduke of Portland	male	14 April 1738 (NS)	30 October 1809 (NS), Bulstrode, England	British	/ Prime Minister of Great Britain / Member of Parliament (Great Britain)	VIAF	Leader of the Whig Party during Catherine's lifetime. Later became a Tory.
Carlo Antonio Porporati	male	1741	1816				Italian painter
Anna Porphyrogenita	female	989	1011				Greek/Byzantine princess who married Vladimir the Great
Fredrik Arvidson Posse	male	1757	1814	Swede	/ General (2nd Rank)	WD / VIAF
Most Serene Prince Grigorii Aleksandrovich Potemkin-Tavricheskii	male	30 September 1739 (OS)	5 October 1791 (OS)	Russian	General Field Marshal (1st Rank) / Governor-General / favourite / Prince (Russia) / Member of the Cavalier Guards	WD / VIAF	Became Catherine's lover in early 1774. Long after their affair had ended, Potemkin remained Catherine's most trusted advisor and became a military commander in her second Russo-Turkish War (1787-1792) and governor of her newly acquired southern provinces. Catherine's range of salutations for Potemkin include: 'My golden pheasant', 'Dearest Pigeon', 'Kitten', 'Little dog', 'Papa', 'Twin Soul', 'Little parrot', 'Grisha', 'Grishenka', 'Cossack', 'Muscovite', 'Lion in the jungle', 'Tiger', 'Giaour (infidel)', 'My good sir', 'Prince', 'Your Excellency', 'Your Serene Highness', 'General', and 'My sweet beauty to whom no king can compare'. He suffered from prolonged, episodic bouts of hypochondria and melancholy, which gave rise to numerous anecdotes about his eccentric behaviour.
Count Pavel Sergeevich Potemkin	male	27 June 1743 (OS)	29 March 1796 (OS)	Russian	General (2nd Rank)	WD / VIAF	General and relative of Grigorii Potemkin, fought in both of Catherine's Russo-Turkish Wars, led investigations during and following the Pugachev Rebellion. Participated in the journals published by Mikhail Kheraskov in Moscow in the 1760s; author of the dramas 'Россы в Архипелаге', 'Торжество дружбы', and 'Хельмира и Смелон, или взятие Измаила'; translator of works by Voltaire and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Once Grigorii Potemkin came to power, Pavel Sergeevich was promoted to gentleman of the chamber and honorary captain of the Semenovskii Guards Regiment. During and following the Pugachev Rebellion, representing Catherine personally in the affected areas, Potemkin was in charge of the Secret Commissions in Kazan' and Orenburg, of the troops around Kazan', and of the Kazan' gubernia (since the governor was too ill to perform his functions).
Stanislaw Szczesny Feliks Potocki	male			Polish	General (2nd Rank) / / Polish nobility	WD / VIAF
Mikhail Sergeevich Potemkin	male	1744	1791	Russian	Lieutenant General (3rd Rank)	WD
Ignace Potocki	male	1750	1809				politician
Nikolai Alekseevich Potapov	male	1731	1798
Nicolas Poussin	male	1594	1665				French painter
Illarion Afanas'evich Povalishin Vice-admiral	male	1739	1799				rear-admiral of the Russian navy during Russo-Swedish war 1788-1790
François-Emmanuel Guignard comte de Saint-Priest	male	12 March 1735, Grenoble, France	26 February 1821, Lyon, France	French	Diplomat / Minister of State (France)	VIAF	Becomes chevalier de Malte at age 4. Fought in Seven Years' War. Personally disliked by the minister of Foreign Affairs, Vergennes, and feeling that his services were being ignored, Saint-Priest in 1783 wrote a note to Vergennes indicating how difficult it was for him to push the Turks to oppose his benefactress, Catherine the Great. The note provoked some murmuring at court, and at the start of 1784 Saint-Priest was recalled from Constantinople. His close ties with Russia harmed his chances of succeeding Vergennes as foreign minister in 1787 (the comte de Montmorin received the post instead). His three sons, Emmanuel, Armand, and Louis entered Russian service; Armand married a Princess Golitsyn and became governor of Odessa and Podolia. (Nicolas Mietton, 'Introduction', in Comte de Saint-Priest, Mémoires, pp. 7-32).
Constance Wilhelmine de Saint-Priest Countess	female	1752	1807				French spy and diplomat; active in Sweden
Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Prozorovskii Prince Field Marshal	male	1733	1809
Anna Stepanovna Protasova	female	1745	1826				lady-in-waiting, confidant of Catherine the Great
Stepan Fedorovich Protasov	male	1703	1767
S. Iu. Pushkov Colonel	male
Emel'ian Ivanovich Pugachev	male	c. 1740, Zimoveisk, a village on the Don	11 January 1775, Moscow	Russian	Cossack / Soldier	WD / VIAF	Served against Prussia in the Seven Years' War. Participated in the siege of Bender during the first Russo-Turkish War of Catherine's reign. Left the army, became a troublemaker, visited Poland and an Old Believer settlement on the Volga. Returning from his visit to the Yaik in November 1772, Pugachev was arrested in the village of Malykovska, sent to Kazan for investigation, and sentenced to be knouted and sent to Siberia. Although Catherine confirmed his sentence, Pugachev escaped and fled to join fugitive Yaik Cossacks.
Casimir Pulaski	male	1745	1779
Petr Ivanovich Pushchin	male	1723	1812	Russian	Admiral / Senator	WD
Pylades	male						Figure from Greek mythology
Pyrrhus	male	319/318 BC	272 BC				Ancient Greek soldier
Qianlong Emperor of China	male	1711	1799
Geronimo (Giacomo) Quarenghi	male	1744	1817				architect
François Quesnay	male	1694	1774				Doctor/surgeon of the marquise de Pompadour, economist, and founder of the Physiocratic school
Angelo Quirini	male	1721	1796
Léonard Racle	male	1736	1791				French architect
Jean Racine	male	1639	1699				dramatist
Stanislav Radziwil Prince the Pious	male	1734	1790	Polish
Helena Radziwiłł	female	1753	1821				Briefly a lady in waiting to Catherine the Great
Antoni Henryk Radziwiłł Prince	male	1775	1833
Karol Stanislaw Radziwill Prince	male	1734	1790
Michal Kazimierz Radziwill Prince	male	1702	1762
Girolamo Ranuzzi	male	1724	1784				Count and senator in Bologna
Raphael	male	1483	1520				Italian Renaissance painter and architect
Paul de Rapin Thoyras/ Thoiras	male	1661	1725
Jacques Benjamin de Rapin Thoyras/Thoiras	male	1708	1763
Raymond V Count of Toulouse	male	1134	1194				Also a character in a Sedaine drama
Guillaume Thomas François Raynal	male	1713	1796				French writer known for his <i>Histoire des deux Indes</i>
Kirill Grigor'evich Razumovskii	male	1728	1803	Russian	Count (Russian) / General Field Marshal (1st Rank) / Hetman	VIAF
Andrei Kirillovich Razumovskii	male	22 October 1752 (OS)	11 September 1836 (OS)	Russian	Diplomat / Prince (Russia)	VIAF	Was friendly with Grand Duke Paul.Son of Kirill Grigor'evich Razumovskii. He lived abroad in 1760s and studied at Strasbourg University. He was married twice: to Countess Elizaveta Osipovna Tun-Gogenshtein (born in 1770, died 11 December 1806) and from 1816 to Countess Konstantina-Dominika Iosifovna Tyurgeym, under whose influence he converted to Catholicism before his death.
Elizaveta Kirillovna Razumovskaia (by marriage, Apraksina)	female	1749	1813	Russian	Courtier / Lady-in-waiting
César Vichard de Saint-Réal	male	1643	1692				French writer
Vasilii Mikhailovich Rebinder	male	1730	после 1800	Russian / German
Ivan (Reinhold Johann) Mikhailovich Rebinder (von Rehbinder)	male	1733	1792
IvanGrigor'evich von Reck	male	1737	1795		General (2nd Rank)	WD	Was in charge of the troops defending Kinburn.
Elisa von der Recke (née von Medem)	female	1754	1833
Ivan Andreevich Reinsdorp	male	1730	1782	Russian	Lieutenant General (3rd Rank) / Governor-General	WD
Reimbert	male						French merchant in Russia. Mentioned in letter 04770
Johann Friedrich Reiffenstein	male	1719	1793
Johann Friedrich Reichardt	male	1752	1814				German composer
Johann Dietrich von Rennenkampff	male	1719	1781
Nikolai Vasil'evich Repnin	male	11 March 1734 (OS)	12 May 1801 (OS)	Russian	Prince (Russia) / Member of the Preobrazhenskii Guards Regiment / Member of the Izmailovskii Guards Regiment / General Field Marshal (1st Rank) / Diplomat / Freemason / Governor-General	WD / VIAF
Jean François Paul de Gondi Cardinal de Retz	male	1613	1679
Gustaf Adolf Reuterholm	male	1756	1813				de facto regent of Sweden after assassination of Gustav III
Suzanne-Françoise-Élisabeth de La Reynière (née de Jarente)	female	1736	1815				Salon hostess
Giovanni Battista Rezzonico	male	1740	1783
Abdur Rezak Reis-Efendi	male
Andreas von Riaucour	male	1722	1794				Diplomat in Saxon service
José de Ribas i Boyons	male			Spanish	Admiral	WD / VIAF	Founder of Odessa.
Jean-François de Ribaupierre	male	27 August 1754 (baptised), Roles, Vaud (Switzerland)	11 December 1790 (OS), Izmail	Swiss	Officer / Courtier	WD	Friend and confidant of Catherine's favourite, Aleksandr Matveevich Dmitriev-Mamonov. Well received at court, where Catherine called him 'Dieu du silence' ('God of Silence') for his quiet demeanour. He and Catherine remained on good terms despite his involvement in the intrigue between Dmitriev-Mamonov and Darya Shcherbatova that led to their marriage on 1 July 1789. His wife held a salon with guests including Count Ségur and Count Cobenzl.
AgrafenaAleksandrovna de Ribaupierre, née Bibikova	female	17 February 1755 (OS)	23 June 1812 (OS)	Russian	Salon Hostess		Daughter of General Aleksandr Il'ich Bibikov and wife of Jean-François François (Ivan Stepanovich) de Ribaupierre.
Aleksandr Ivanovich Ribaupierre	male	1781	1865				diplomat, banker
Louis François Armand de Vignerot du Plessis 3rd duc de Richelieu	male	1696	1788
Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis duc de Richelieu	male	1766	1822
Baron Volprecht Hermann Friedrich Riedesel zu Eisenbach	male	1732	1785		Officer / Baron (German)		Close advisor of Landgraf Ludwig IX of Hesse-Darmstadt. He traveled to St. Petersburg in the entourage of Landgravine Karoline of Hesse-Darmstadt and her daughters, including Grand Duke Paul's first wife, Natal'ia Alekseevna.
Henri Rieu	male	1721	1787				correspondent of Voltaire
Jacques Rilliet	male	1732	1813				Genevan banker
Giovanni Maria Riminaldi	male	1718	1789				Italian Roman Catholic cardinal, art collector, and friend of Mengs
Antonio Rinaldi	male	1709	1794				Italian architect
Victor Maurice de Riquet de Caraman-Chimay comte de Caraman	male	1727	1807				French diplomat
Augustin Christian Ritt	male	1765	1799				Painter/miniaturist; Brother in law of Sosie, Catherine's butler
Pierre-Paul Mercier de la Rivière	male	1719	1801	French	Writer	WD / VIAF	Physiocrat
Georgii Rizo Георгий/Григорий Ризо	male			Greek			lieutenant; second major
Jean-Baptiste-René Robinet	male	1735	1820				French naturalist who worked on editions of the Encyclopedie and was appointed Royal Censor for France in 1778
Hubert Robert	male	1733	1808				Painter
Maximilien François Marie Isidore Robespierre	male	1758	1794				French revolutionary leader
Sophie von La Roche (née Gutermann)	female	1730	1807				German writer
Marquise Madame de la Rochelambert	female						French emigre Catherine wanted Grimm to find
George Brydges Rodney Admiral	male	1718	1792				British naval officer known for battles in American War of Independence
Count Rodriguès	male						letter 02932 - unable to find information
Jacques-Nicolas Roettiers	male	1736	1788				Flemish goldsmith and silversmith in Paris, from whose family Catherine ordered a silver service in 1770
Johann Georg Roellig	male						Catherine II's childhood music teacher
Abraham Roentgen	male	1711	1793				German cabinet-maker
David Roentgen	male	1743	1807				German cabinet-maker
John Samuel Rogerson	male	1741	1823	Scottish	Doctor	WD / VIAF	Catherine's court doctor.
Victoire Armande Josèphe de Rohan Princess of Guéméné	female	1743	1807				royal governess
Louis René Édouard de Rohan Cardinal de Rohan	male	1734	1803				Cardinal who was embroiled in the affair of the Queen's necklace
Louis Antoine Auguste de Rohan-Chabot 6th duke of Rohan	male	1733	1807				Married to Élisabeth Louise de La Rochefoucauld
Marie Louise de Rohan	female	1720	1803				Known as Madame de Marsan, governess of Louis XVI
Emmanuel Marie des Neiges de Rohan-Polduc Fra'	male	1725	1797
Ivaia Rokasovkii Rokusovskii	male			Russian
Louis de Roll Baron	male	1750					Adjutant to Charles X (as count d'artois)
Giulio Romano	male	1499	1546				Italian painter
Romanos I Lekapenos	male	870	948				Byzantine Emperor
Charles Gilbert Romme	male	1750	1795				French politician and writer
Romanos II	male	938	963				Byzantine Emperor, father of Anna Porphyrogenita
Ivan Romanovich Rontsov Rantsov	male			Russian			Brother of count S. R. Vorontsov and a sidewind son of count R. I. Vorontsov who was delegated to London in April 1780
Alexander Roslin	male	1718	1793				Swedish portrait painter who likely painted Catherine II between 1775 and 1777
Jean-Baptiste-François Rossignol	male						French consul in St Petersburg, 1764-1770
Ekaterina Petrovna Rostopchina (née Protasova) Countess	female	1776	1859				writer and wife of the governor-general of Moscow
Michael Rose	male
Pietro Rotari	male	1707	1762				Italian painter at the court of Elizabeth Petrovna
Jean-Jacques Rousseau	male	1712	1778				Genevan philosopher
Magdalena Rudenschöld Countess	male	1766	1823				Swedish countess who conspired to overthrow the regency of Duke Charles
Claude-Carloman de Rulhière	male	1734	1791				man of letters
Field-Marshal Count Petr Aleksandrovich Rumiantsev-Zadunaiskii	male	4 January 1725 (OS), Moscow	8 December 1796 (OS), Tashan, Kiev region, Ukraine	Russian	Field Marshal (non-Russian) / Governor-General	VIAF	Gained renown as general in Seven Years' War. Played a leading role in the Russo-Turkish Wars of 1768-1774 and 1787-1792. Had three sons, Mikhail, Nikolai, and Sergei.
Mikhail Petrovich Rumiantsev	male	1751	1811	Russian	Count (Russian) / Officer	VIAF
Nikolai Petrovich Rumiantsev	male	1754	1826	Russian	Russian nobility / Diplomat	VIAF	Son of Petr Aleksandrovich Rumiantsev, was mentored by Friedrich Melchior Grimm.
Sergei Petrovich Rumiantsev	male	1755	1838	Russian	Russian nobility / Diplomat	WD	Son of Petr Aleksandrovich Rumiantsev, was mentored by Friedrich Melchior Grimm.
Ekaterina Mikhailovna Rumiantseva	female	1724	1779				lady in waiting
Rurik Prince	male	c. 830	879				Varangian chieftain, prince of Ladoga and Novgorod
Ivan Ivanovich Rusanov	male	c. 1753	1814	Russian			Secretary to General Musin-Pushkin his 'письмоводец'. Recalled in November 1789 as a sign of Catherine's intention to remove Musin-Pushkin from command of Russian armies in Finland during the war with Sweden. Recommending his recall on 9 November 1789, Grigorii Potemkin wrote to Catherine: 'Чему быть доброму, когда водит армию секретарь' (Ekaterina II i G.A. Potemkin, p. 383).
Nikita Ivanovich Ryleev	male	1749	1808
Seweryn Rzewuski	male	1743	1811
Adam Wawrzyniec Rzewuski	male	1760	1825
Aleksei Andreevich Rzhevskii	male	1737	1804				Active Privy Councillor
Iwan Rzyczewski	male	1703
Antoine Sabatier de Castres	male	1742	1817				French journalist
Saillant	male						chevalier Saillant, involved in siege of Wawel Castle and taken prisoner
Sergei Vasil'evich Saltykov	male			Russian	Favourite / Diplomat	VIAF
Kaspar von Saldern	male	11 July 1711 (NS), Apenrade	31 October 1786 (NS)		Diplomat	WD / VIAF	Saldern carried out Russian negociations for the exchange of Holstein that took place in 1773, by which Catherine's son Paul ceded the duchy of Holstein (which he had inherited from his deceased father) to Denmark in exchange for Oldenburg and Delmenhorst, which he then ceded again to Frederick Augustus, coadjutor of Lübeck. In the winter preceding these events, Saldern obtained Paul's signature on an authorisation to set up a coregency between Paul and his mother. Paul, however, confessed the affair to Catherine, and Saldern returned to Holstein forever.
Nikolai Ivanovich Saltykov	male			Russian	Educator	VIAF
Ivan Petrovich Saltykov	male	1730	14 November 1805 (OS)	Russian	Count (Russian) / General (2nd Rank) / General Field Marshal (1st Rank)	WD
Petr Semenovich Saltykov	male	1698	1772
Samuel	male					WD / VIAF	Biblical figure.
Aleksandr Nikolaevich Samoilov	male	1744	1814	Russian	General (2nd Rank) / Member of the Semenovskii Guards Regiment / Count (Russian) /	VIAF	Nephew of Grigorii Potemkin. Thought to have been present at Catherine's secret wedding with Potemkin.
Samoîlevitsch	male						Doctor recommended to Catherine
Andrei Afanas'evich Samborskii	male	1732	1815
Sancho Panza	male						Character in Don Quixote (Cervantes Saavedra) and Sancho Panca dans son ile (Poinsinet)
Gaspare Santini	male						Banker in Rome
Jean Baptiste Prevost de Sansac marquis de Traversay	male	1754	1831
Sandoz	male						Swiss watchmaker working in St Petersburg
Sappho	female						Ancient Greek poet
Giuseppi Sarti	male	1729	1802				Italian opera composer
Saugi	male						Courier used by Grimm and Catherine
Ludwig Karl Freiherr von Schrautenbach	male	18 February 1724 (NS)	12 August 1783 (NS)		German nobility / Writer	WD	Follower and biographer of Nikolaus Ludwig von Zinzendorf, founder and bishop of the Herrnhuter Brüdergemeine (Moravian Church). Accompanied Landgravine Karoline Henriette of Hesse-Darmstadt to Russia in 1773-1774 and was therefore known to Catherine. Praised by Johann Georg Zimmermann in Über die Einsamkeit (Carlsruhe, 1785, iv, pp. 231-32; Frankfurt and Leipzig, 1785, iv, p. 221), a book so much beloved by Catherine that it induced the empress to begin a six-year correspondence with Zimmermann.
BaronWilhelmVasil'evich von Schultz	male				Officer	WD
Gottlob Ludwig Count of Schoenberg	male	1726	1791
Schroeder	male						envoy of Friedrich Wilhelm Karl/Karl Ferdinand in the dealings with Zelmire
Schlaff	male						secretary of the ambassador who received orders to published the declaration of war against Sweden in 1788
Schmidt	male						Englishman frequently with Gustav III during the Russo-Swedish War 1788
Friedrich Wilhelm von der Schulenburg-Kehnert Count Schulenburg	male	1742	1815				German/Prussian politician
Charles Schweizer	male						Friend of Grimm who delivered letters to/from Catherine
Schwerin Count Schwerin	male						Squire to Gusatv IV
Jean-Baptiste Secondat baron de La Brède	male	1716	1796				French naturalist and agronomist, son of Montesquieu
Michel-Jean Sedaine	male			French	Playwright	WD / VIAF
Louis Philippe comte de Ségur		10 December 1753 (NS), Paris, France	27 August 1830 (NS), Paris, France	French	Officer / Diplomat / Writer	WD / VIAF	Contributed five plays to the 'Recueil des pièces de l'Hermitage'. Author of many historical, dramatic, and poetic works. His 'Mémoires ou Souvenirs politiques' ('Memoirs, or Political Recollections'), including portrayals of Catherine and her court, appeared in 1824, at which time his 'Complete Works' ('Œuvres complètes') in 33 volumes began to appear.
Antoinette Elisabeth Marie, comtesse deSégur, née d'Aguesseau		1756	1828	French
Philippe Henri marquis de Ségur	male	1724	1801				Marshal of France
Selim III	male	1762	1808	Ottoman	Sultan of the Ottoman Empire	VIAF	Son of Sultan Mustapha III and nephew of Sultan Abdul Hamid I.
Aleksei Naumovich Seniavin (Siniavin) admiral	male	1722	1797
Seneca	male
Seraphim II patriarch of Constantinople	male	1690s	1779
Maria Adelaide del Carretto di Camerano Duchess of Serracapriola	female		1787
Lorenza Seraphina Feliciani	female	1751	1794
Baron Petr Pavlovich Shafirov	male	1669	1 March 1739 (OS)	Russian	Diplomat / Baron (Russian) / Translator / Writer	VIAF	Son of a Jew from Smolensk, Shafir, who was captured by the Russians, converted to Christianity (christened Pavel Filippovich), served in the Posolskii prikaz (equivalent of the foreign ministry), engaged in commerce, and was eventually ennobled under Tsar Fedor Alekseevich. Petr Shafirov received a good education, learning Latin, French, German, Dutch, and Polish. He picked up Italian when serving as a diplomat in the Ottoman Empire. His extensive correspondence with Peter I survives. He was one of the first to introduce ciphered correspondence into Russian diplomatic practice. He translated several historical and historical 'calendars' and authored a 'Дедикация, или приношение царевичу Петру II о делах его величества государя Петра I' ('Dedication, or Offering to the Tsarevich Peter II on the Affairs of His Majesty Peter I'), and 'Рассуждения, какие законные причины его царское величестое Петр Первый, царь и повелитель всероссийский и протчая, и протчая, и протчая, к начатию войны против короля Карола XII Шведского 1700 году' ('Considerations on the legal reasons that His Tsarist Majesty, Tsar and Master of All Russia etc., etc., etc., had to begin the war against Charles XII of Sweden in the year 1700') (written 1716, twice reprinted in 1722). The latter work was one of the first to use the word 'революция' ('revolution') and the word 'гражданин' in its modern sense of 'citizen'.
Shagin-Girey	male				Kalga Sultan (Crimea) / khan of Crimea	WD
Aleksei Iakovlevich Shakhovskoi	male		1789 (1791?)	Russian	Courtier		Действительный камергер (actual chamberlain). Listed by Catherine as a member of her Hermitage.
Shah Baham	male						Character in Claude Prosper Jolyot de Crébillon's <i>Le Sopha, conte moral</i> (1742)
Nader Shah	male	1688	1747				Shah of Iran
William Shakespeare	male	1564	1614				English dramatist
Dar'ia Fedorovna Shcherbatova	female	1762	1801	Russian	Courtier
Feodosii Fedorovich Shchedrin	male	1751	1825				Russian sculptor
Evdokim Alekseevich Shcherbinin	male	1728	1783
Fedor Pavlovich Shcherbatov Prince	male	1749	1810
Fedor Fedorovich Shcherbatov Prince	male	1731	1791
Richard Brinsley Sheridan	male	20 October 1751 (NS)	7 July 1816 (NS)	British	Writer / Poet / Playwright / Member of Parliament (Great Britain)	VIAF
Ulrik Scheffer	male	1716	1799		/ Minister of Foreign Affairs	WD / VIAF
Petr Borisovich Sheremetev	male	1713	1788	Russian		VIAF	Son of Field-Marshal Boris Sheremetev from his second marriage. Married the richest bride in Russia - the daughter of prince A. M. Cherkassky
Anna Petrovna Sheremeteva	female	1744	1768				N. I. Panin's fiancée
Tinatin Shervashidze	female						First wife of Solomon I of Imereti
Nikolai Lavrent'evich Shetnev	male	1720	after 1780
Shishkova	female						Referred by Catherine in 1762 as "old lady", starukha
Andrei Petrovich Shuvalov	male	1743	1789
Ivan Ivanovich Shuvalov	male	1727	1797				founder of the University of Moscow and curator of the Academy of Arts in St Petersburg
Ekaterina Petrovna Shuvalova (née Saltykova) Countess	female	1743	1817
Iakov Efimovich Sievers	male	19 August 1731 (OS), Wesenberg, Estland	11 July 1808 (OS), Bauenhoff, Estland	Russian	Count (Russian) / Governor	VIAF	Sievers was one of Catherine's primary advisors on her 1775 reform of provincial government (Учреждения для управления губерний всероссийской империи). He advocated improvements in the condition of the serfs, especially providing them with legal protections against landowner power. He and Catherine corresponded intensively about her legislative projects and his efforts on the ground in the provinces; their exchange continued even after his resignation in 1781. A few days before his death, he is said to have burned 300-400 letters from Catherine, claiming that he owed it to the empress's memory to do so (Blum, Des Grafen Jakov Johann Sievers Denkwürdigkeiten, iv, p. 650).
Stanislaw Bohusz Siestrzeńcewicz Metropolitan	male	1731	1826				first bishop of Mogilev
Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyès abbé	male	1748	1836				clergyman and political writer, prominent during French Revolution
Karl Eduard Efimovich von Sievers Count	male	1710	1774/1775
Silahdar Mehmed Pasha	male			Ottoman	Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire	WD
Ivan Matveevich Simolin	male	1720	1799	Russian	Diplomat	WD / VIAF
Barthélémy Guillaume Simon	male
Simon III de Montfort Comte d'Envreux	male	c. 1128	1181				Crusader who defeated Raymond III of Aragon
Simeon I Catholicos of All Armenians	male	1710	1780
Fredrik Carl Sinclair	male	17 October 1723	11 May 1776	Swedish		WD
Sineus	male						Brother of Rurik
Pierre-Paul Sirven	male	1709	1777				One of Voltaire's causes célèbres
EkaterinaVasil'evnaSkavronskaia, née Engelhardt	female	1761	1829	Russian	Countess (Russian)	WD	Niece of Prince Potemkin. Second marriage with count Giulio Litta
Gavriil Ivanovich Skorodumov	male	1755	1792				Russian engraver who worked for Robert Sayer and then at Catherine II's court
Jason Smogorzewski Bishop	male	1717	1779
Mikhail Grigor'evich Sobakin	male	1720	1773				Poet, Privy Counsellor
Socrates	male						Greek philosopher
Petr Aleksandrovich Soimonov	male			Russian		WD / VIAF
Anastasiia Ivanovna de Ribas (née Sokolova)	female	1741	1822				an illegitimate daughter of Betskoi and a favorite lady-in-waiting of Catherine
CountVictor Friedrich von Solms-Sonnenwalde	male	16 September 1730 (NS)	24 December 1783 (NS)	Prussian	Diplomat	WD / VIAF
Joseph Solano	male						Spanish man targeted by the Inquisition
Solomon I King of Imereti	male	1735	1784
Soloviev Baron	male						captan of the Preobrazensky regiment (in 1768)
Sophia Magdalena Queen of Sweden	female	1746	1813
Sophocles	male						ancient Greek playwright
Sophia Matilda Princess of the United Kingdom	female	1777	1848
Sophie Auguste Duchess consort of Saxe-Weimar (née Princess of Anhalt-Zerbst)	female	1663	1694
Sophie Friederike Karoline Luise Countess of Mensdorff-Pouilly (née Princess of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld)	female	1778	1835
Sophie Antoinette Duchess of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (née of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel)	female	1724	1802
Robert de Sorbon	male	1201	1274				Founder of the Sorbonne
Sosie	male						Catherine II's favorite butler
George Spencer 4th Duke of Marlborough	male	1739	1817
Grigorii Andreevich Spiridov Admiral	male	1713	1790	Russian
Anton von Spielmann Freiherr	male	1738	1813				Prussian diplomat who worked on the Reichenbach treaty and had known revolutionary tendencies
Georg (Göran) Magnus Sprengtporten	male	16 August 1740, Porvoo parish	13 October 1819, St. Petersburg, Russia	Swedish	Officer / Diplomat / Count (Russian)	WD / VIAF	Half-brother of Jacob Magnus Sprengtporten. The two brothers spread use of the 'Sprengtporten rifle', aneasier-to-handle weapon, amongst Swedish light-armed forces. Thought to have played a large role in the 'Valhalla' order, founded in Sveaborg and composed of officers and nobles interested in Enlightenment literature and in the defense of noble privileges.
Jacob Magnus Sprengtporten	male			Swedish		WD / VIAF	Half-brother of Göran Magnus Sprengtporten.
Johan Vilhelm Sprengtporten	male			Swedish		WD
CountGustav Ernst von Stackelberg	male	5 June 1766 (OS), Reval/Tallinn, Estonia	1850, Paris, France		Diplomat	VIAF
CountOtto Magnus von Stackelberg	male	1736	1800		Diplomat / Count (Russian)	VIAF
CountGustav Ernst von Stackelberg	male	1766	1850	Russian	Member of the Cavalier Guards	WD / VIAF
Anne Louise Germaine de Staël-Holstein, née Necker	female	22 April 1766 (NS)	14 July 1817 (NS)		Writer	WD / VIAF
Ivan Egorovich Starov	male	1745	1808				architect
Erik Magnus von Staël-Holstein	male	1749	1802				Swedish Ambassador to France; married to Jacques Necker's daughter Anne Germaine, better known as Mme de Staël
Aleksandr Stakhievich Stakhiev	male	1724	1794
Anastasiia Mikhailovna Shcherbinina (née Dashkova)	female	1760	1831				daughter of Princess Dashkova
Mikhail Mikhailovich Shcherbatov Prince	male	1733	1790
Kurt Bogislaus Ludvig Kristoffer von Stedingk	male	26 October 1746 (NS)	7 January 1837 (NS)	Swedish	Diplomat / Officer	WD / VIAF
Stephen I King Saint	male	975	1038
Laurence Sterne	male	1713	1768				Author of The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman, frequently referenced by Catherine the Great
Karl Wilhelm Stosch	male	1744	1810				Prince Henry's doctor
Friedrich Leopold Graf zu Stolberg-Stolberg	male	1750	1819	German			German lawyer, poet, translator
Stepan Fedorovich Strekalov	male			Russian	Senator / State Secretary (Russia) / Actual Privy Councillor (2nd Rank)	WD	Catherine put him in charge of her court theatre. However, he fell short of Catherine's expectations, as she noted in her letter from 1789, and got the theatre into debt.
Simeon Ignat'evich Stragorodskii Bishop Sil'vestr	male	1725	1802				Abbot of the Resurrection Monastery
Aleksandr Sergeevich Stroganov Count	male	1733	1811
Aleksei Alekseevich Stupishin	male	1722	1786	Russian
Styx	male						Russian courier for Cat and Grimm; sometimes spelled Stix
Pierre André de Suffren de Saint-Tropez, le bailli de Suffren	male	17 July 1729 (NS)	8 December 1788 (SNS)	French	Admiral / Knight of Malta	WD / VIAF
Maximilien de Béthune Duke de Sully	male	1560	1641
August Kazimierz Sułkowski	male	1729	1786	Polish			Politician in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Aleksandr Petrovich Sumarokov	male	1717	1777				Russian poet and playwright
Richard Sutherland Baron	male	1739	1791				Court banker
Aleksandr Vasil'evich Suvorov-Rymnikskii	male	13 November 1730 (OS), Moscow, Russian Empire	6 May 1800 (OS), St. Petersburg, Russian Empire	Russian	General Field Marshal (1st Rank) / Count (Russian) / Prince (Russia)	WD / VIAF	Generalissimus. His victories over Polish forces, for which he was promoted to the rank of major-general, led to the first partition of Poland (1772). He secured his pre-eminence with his campaigns against the Turks in 1773-1774 and went on to conduct highly successful and often bloody campaigns against the Ottoman Empire and Poland. Under Paul I he fought against the French Revolutionary army in Italy and Switzerland.
Natal'ia Aleksandrovna Zubova (née Suvorova)	female	1775	1844				married to Nikolai Zubov
Vasilii Ivanovich Suvorov General	male	1705	1775				Father of Generalissimus A. V. Suvorov
Sviatoslav I Igorevich	male			Russian	Prince (Russia)	WD / VIAF	Kievan Prince of the 10th century
Angelo Talassi	male	1745	after 1804				Italian poet and actor
Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord Bishop of Autun	male	1754	1838
Ivan Luk'ianovich Talyzin	male	1700	1777
Tamerlan	male					WD / VIAF
Vasilii Stepanovich Tamara	male	1740	1813	Russian	/	WD	Active participant in the negotiations with Heraclius II
Vicar General and Bishop of Tarbes	male
Tarakanova Princess	female	1745(1753)	1775				Pretender to the Russian throne--real name unknown
James Tassie	male	1735	1799				English jeweller
Torquato Tasso	male	1544	1595				Italian poet
Vasilii Nikitich Tatishchev	male			Russian	Historian / Writer	WD / VIAF
Evert Taube	male	1737	1799	Swedish	General (2nd Rank)	WD / VIAF	General-adjutant of Gustav III
Teimuraz II king of Kakheti	male	1680/1700	1762
Petr Abramovich Tekelli-Popovich	male	1720	1793	Serbian	General-in-chief (2nd Rank)	WD
Telemachus	male						Greek mythological character
Grigorii Nikolaevich Teplov	male	1717	1779
Ivan Terskoi	male			Russian	Naval Officer / Member of the Preobrazhenskii Guards Regiment
Teresa of Avila Saint	female	1515	1582
Joseph-Marie de la Teyssonnière (Treissonière)	male	1742	after 1802
Willem Theyls	male			Dutch	Diplomat / Writer	VIAF
Theodora Empress	female	527	548				Wife of Justinian I
Theocritus	male	315BCE	260BCE				Hellenistic poet
Theophrastus	male	370BC	286				ancient Greek philosopher
Anna Dorothea Therbusch (née Lisiewska)	female	1721	1782				painter, botanist
George Thier	male
Sir Thomas Anderson	male			British			An English greyhound given to Catherine by Dr. Thomas Dimsdale, who inoculated Catherine and her son Paul against smallpox.
Jacques Thouron	male	1739/1749	1789				Painter and miniaturist
Moritz August von Thümmel	male	1738	1817				German writer
Johann Amadeus Thugut	male	1736	1818
Hans Heinrich von Tiesenhausen Count	male	1741	1815				Married to Catherine, born Princess von Stackelberg, father of Ferdinand von Tiesenhausen (aide de camp to Alexander I)
Ludwig Philipp Tischbein	male	1744	1806				Architect and set designer
Johann Clemens Tode	male	1736	1805				Surgeon present at the death of the Grand Duchess
Luísa Rosa Todi (née de Aguiar)	female	1753	1833				Portuguese opera singer
Francesco Saverio Todi	male						Italian violinist and husband of singer Luisa Todi
Count Petr Andreevich Tolstoi	male	1645	30 January 1729 (OS), Solovetsky Monastery, Russian Empire	Russian	Officer / Diplomat / Courtier / Count (Russian)	VIAF
Fedor Nikolaevich Tol'	male			Russian	Moscow Chief of Police		Chief of police in Moscow from 1785 to 1790.
Fedor Matveevich Tolstoi	male	1748	27 December 1789	Russian	Major (8th Rank)	WD
Fernando Álvarez de Toledo 3rd Duke of Alba	male	1507	1582
Stefano Torelli	male	1712	1784				Italian painter from Bologne
della Torre Marquis	male						minister of Spain at the Russian court
François de Tott	male	1733	1793	French	Officer	VIAF	French representative in the Crimea and in Constantinople, who advised the Turks on fortifications, on the modernization of their artillery units, and on intelligence matters in the Dardanelles, and acted as an agent provocateur during the first Russo-Turkish War of Catherine's reign (1768-1774). His Mémoires du Baron de Tott sur les Turcs et les Tartares were published in four volumes in Amsterdam in 1784 and 1785. Repeatedly mocked in the letters between Catherine and Voltaire. Voltaire dubbed him a 'protecteur de Moustapha et de l'Alcoran' (6 July 1771, D17283) and then accuses Tott of instigating the Pugachev Rebellion: 'C'est apparemment le chevalier de Tott qui fait jouer cette farce' (2 March 1774, D18831). Catherine denied that Pugachev had any foreign support and projected self-confidence in both conflicts she faced in 1774: 'Monsieur, Il n'i a que les gazettes qui font beaucoup de bruit du brigand Pougatschef, lequel pour sûr n'est en relation direct ni indirecte avec Mr du Thot. Je fais autant de cas des canons fondu par l'un que des entreprises de l'autre. Mr Pougatschef et Mr du Thot cependant ont cela de comun que l'un tout les jours frise la corde de chanvre tandis que l'autre est exposé à un cordon de soye' (15/26 March 1774, D18874). Corresponded with Voltaire: in the two surviving letters, Voltaire thanked Tott for anecdotes about Turkey (23 April 1767, D14137) and then, almost 10 years later, reproached him for serving the Turks against Catherine: 'Je fus votre voisin, il y a quelques années; ce n'était pas chez les Turcs que vous étiez alors. Vous avez, depuis ce temps, fait la guerre à mon autocratrice pour des sultans qui ne la valaient pas' (22 September 1776, D20311).
Gottlob Heinrich Curt von Totleben	male	1715	1773
Toutolmine	male						courier who carried a special package for Catherine the Great
Fedor Osipovich Tumanskii	male	1757?	1810				Historian who wrote on the life of St Alexander
Tommaso Traetta	male	1727	1779				Italian opera composer
Christian Ivanovich Trousson	male	15 March 1742 (OS), Koblenz	8 March 1813 (OS), St. Petersburg, Russian Empire		Officer	WD
Théodore Tronchin	male	1709	1781				Genevan physician who was an elected member of the Academy of Sciences in Petersburg
François Tronchin	male	1704	1798
Giacomo Trombara	male	1741	1811				Italian architect
Dmitrii Prokof'evich Troshchinskii	male	1749	1829
Truvor	male						Brother of Rurik
Pavel Dmitrievich Tsitsianov	male	1754	1806
Pavel Aleksandrovich Tsyzarev	male			Russian	Naval Officer / Member of the Preobrazhenskii Guards Regiment
Ivan Petrovich Tiufiakine alt Tufiakine	male	1740	1804
Egor Andreevich Tunzelmann	male	1736		Russian	Colonel (6th Rank)	WD
Petr Ivanovich Turchaninov	male	1746	1823	Russian	Lieutenant General (3rd Rank) / State Secretary (Russia)	VIAF
Anne Robert Jacques Turgot Baron de l'Aulne	male	1727	1781				French economist and statesman
Turlonia	male						banker
de Turpin Baron de Turpin	male						French engineer
Timofei Ivanovich Tutolmin	male	1740	1809
Robert Udny	male	1725	1802				Scottish merchant and art collector
Odysseus	male
Christoph Unterberger	male	1732	1798
Aleksandr Vasil'evich Urusov Major-General Prince	male	1729	1813
Fedor Fedorovich Ushakov	male	13 February 1745	02 October 1817	Russian	Admiral	VIAF
Vaganof	male						Translor hanged by the pasha of Akkerman
de Valour	male						Involved in the siege of Wawel Castle and taken prisoner
Louis-Michel Van Loo	male	1707	1771
Jean-Baptiste van Loo	male	1684	1745				French subject and portrait painter
Charles-André (Carle) Van Loo	male	1705	1765				French painter, younger brother of van02
Abel-François-Nicolas Caroillon de Vandeul	male	1746	1813				Diderot's son in law
Marie-Anne Caroillon "Minette" de Vandeul	female	c 1773	1784				Diderot's granddaughter
Marie Angélique (née Diderot) de Vandeul	female	1753	1824				Diderot's daughter
Aleksandr Semenovich Vasil'chikov	male	1746	1804				Catherine's favourite
Veniamin Metropolitan	male	1706	1785				Born Vasilii Grigor'evich Putsek-Grigorovich
Charles Olivier de Saint-Georges 4th Marquis de Vérac	male	1743	1828
Petr Petrovich Veselitskii	male	1711	1786	Russian	State Secretary (Russia)
Aleksandr Alekseevich Viazemskii	male	1727	1793				Procurator general of the Senate from 1764 to 1792
PrinzViktor Amadeus von Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym	male	2 May 1744	19 April 1790		Officer / German Prince	WD / VIAF	As she wrote to Grigorii Potemkin on 19 October 1789, Catherine considered naming Viktor Amadeus to replace the unsuccessful Count Musin-Pushkin as the commander-in-chief in Finland, but the Prince of Anhalt was too junior as a mere general-lieutenant. Catherine's secretary Khrapovitsky noted in his diary on 23 April 1790: 'Плакали о принце Ангальте. Опасение, чтобы не убили принца Нассау' ('Cried for the prince of Anhalt. Fears that the Prince of Nassau will get killed'). Khrapovitsky noted further grief at the detailed news of Russian losses, received on 25 April. She wrote to Potemkin on 8 June 1790 that she was writing to Anhalt's older brother, the reigning Prince Karl Ludwig of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg, to ensure that his wife and mother were provided for.
Victor Emmanuel I	male	24 July 1759 (NS)	10 January 1824		King of Sardinia 1802 to 1821	VIAF
Vittorio Amedeo III king of Sardinia	male	1726	1796
Victoire Louise Marie Thérèse de France Madame Quatrième, Madame Victoire	female	1733	1799				Louis XVI's aunt
Charlot/Charles de Villiers	male						Had fled to England to escape wife's creditors, recommended by sculptor Lemoyne. See Correspondance de Falconet avec Catherine II, 1767-1778, ed. Louis Réau (Paris, 1921), p. 59
Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve	male	1756	1794				French writer and mayor of Paris
Joseph Nikolaus de Vins	male	1732	1798				Austrian general
Charles du Houx baron de Vioménil	male	1734	1827				Marechal of France
Virgil	male			Roman	poet	VIAF
François Marie Joseph de Viry	male	1737	1813				Ambassador
Jean Guillaume Virchaux	male
Vittorio Amedeo II king of Sardinia	male	1666	1732				Previously duke of Savoy and king of Sicily
Vladimir Saint the Great	male	980	1015
Danilo Petrovich Vlas'ev	male
Fedor Matveevich Voeikov	male	1703	1778
Mark Ivanovich Voinovich	male	1750	1807	Dalmatian	/ Admiral	WD	During the war 1768-1774 joined the Russian Navy.
Ivan Vasil'evich Voinovich Count	male		1791
Voltaire(François-MarieArouet)	male	21 November 1694 (NS), Paris	30 May 1778 (NS), Paris	French	Writer / Playwright / Poet / Philosopher	VIAF
Mikhail Nikitich Volkonskii	male	9 October 1713 (OS)	8 December 1788 (OS)	Russian	prince / diplomat / governor-general of Moscow / member of the Preobrazhenskii Guards / General (2nd Rank)	VIAF	Nephew of Russian chancellor under Empress Elizabeth, Aleksei Petrovich Bestuzhev-Riumin.
Giovanni Volpato	male	1735	1803				Italian engraver and arts dealer
Constantin François de Chassebœuf comte de Volney	male	1757	1820
Dmitrii Vasil'evich Volkov	male	1727	1785
Petr Volkov	male						Captain in the Preobrazhenskii Regiment
Semen Romanovich Vorontsov	male				Diplomat / Officer	VIAF	Brother of Princess Ekaterina Romanovna Dashkova.
Aleksandr Romanovich Vorontsov	male	1741	1805		Count (Russian) / Diplomat	VIAF
Mikhail Illarionovich Vorontsov	male	1714	1767	Russian	Chancellor (1st Rank)	WD / VIAF
Anna Karlovna Vorontsova (née Skavronskaia) Countess	female	1722	1776
Aleksandr Alekseevich Viazemskii	male	03 August 1727 (OS)	08 January 1793 (OS)	Russian	General Procurator	VIAF
Vysheslav Prince of Novgorod	male	977	1010
Claes Adam Wachtmeister Admiral	male	1755	1828				Swedish commander of Sweden's naval fleet
Friedrich Wagner	male				Lutheran pastor / Educator		The young Sophie Auguste's tutor in religion.
Jean-Louis Wagnière	male	1740	1802				Voltaire's secretary from 1756
Robert Walpole 1st Earl of Orford	male	1676	1745				art collector
George Walpole 3rd Earl of Orford	male	1730	1791				British adminstrator who sold his father's (wal01) art collection to Catherine II
Ernest/Arnost Wanzura/Vancura	male	1750 (?)	1802	Czech	Composer	VIAF	Czech composer who wrote the music for Catherine's comic opera, 'Courageous and Brave Knight Akhrideich'
François-Gabriel Le Fournier Marquis de Wargemont	male
Charles Watson-Wentworth 2nd Marquess of Rockingham	male	1730	1782				Prime Minister of Great Britain
Giovanni Battista Weder	male						Cameo artist
Johann Jakob Weitbrecht	male	1744	1803		Publisher	VIAF
Melchior Adam Weikard	male	1742	1803				German doctor and philosopher
Otto Adolf Weismann von Weißenstein	male	1726	1773				soldier
Johann Adam Weishaupt	male	1748	1830				German philosopher, founder of the Illuminati, wrote as Spartacus
Wenk	male						German editor
Ivan Ivanovich Veimarn General Hans Heinrich von Weymarn	male	1718/1722	1792
Wiazewicz Abbot	male						Polish abbot and protege of Caroline-Stéphanie-Félicité du Crest de Saint-Aubin
Natal'iaAlekseevna, Grand Duchess of Russia	female	14/25 June 1755, Prenzlau, Germany (then Prussia)	15/26 April 1776, St Petersburg, Russia	German / Russian	German Princess / Grand Duchess of Russia	VIAF	Catherine's initial reaction to Natal'ia after her marriage to Paul was very positive: the empress wrote to Mme Bielke on 9 February 1774 that Landgravine Karoline of Hesse-Darmstadt 'm'a laissé une femme d'or, sa fille la grande-duchesse; cette jeune princesse est douée des qualités les plus solides; j'en suis extrêmement contente; son mari l'adore, et tout le monde l'aime' (SIRIO, xiii, p. 388). But by 21 December 1774, Catherine wrote in a very different tone to Grimm: the grand duchess 'est presque toujours malade, mais aussi comment ne pas l'être? tout est à l'excès chez cette dame-là [...] en un mot, il n'y a jusqu'ici ni aménité, ni prudence, ni sagesse à tout cela, et Dieu sait ce que cela deviendra, puisqu'on n'écoute personne et qu'on a tête décidée à soi. Imaginez-vous que depuis un an et demi et plus on ne parle pas un mot encore de la langue; nous voulons qu'on nous apprenne, mais nous ne donnons pas un moment d'application par journée à la chose; tout est toupillage; nous ne pouvons pas souffrir ceci ou cela; nous sommes endetté au delà deux fois de ce que nous avons, et nous avons cependant ce que guère quelqu'un en Europe a.' Natal'ia's headstrong ways seemed to pose a political threat to Catherine, as the combination of Paul's adoration for his wife with her headstrong ways suggested that she could push Paul to challenge Catherine's hold on power. However, Natal'ia discredited herself by an apparent, though not proven, affair with Paul's close friend Andrei Razumovsky. She died in childbirth on 15/26 April 1776: a spinal deformity made her incapable of giving birth, and it has been suggested that she was (intentionally or not, depending on accounts) given insufficient medical attention during the birth. The child also did not survive. (See McGrew, Paul I, pp. 89-93.)
Wilhelm August prince of Holstein-Gottorp	male	18 January 1753 (NS)	1774		German Prince	VIAF	Son of Georg Ludwig of Holstein-Gottorp and Sophie Charlotte, duchess of Holstein-Beck. Elder brother of Peter Friedrich Ludwig of Holstein-Gottorp. Catherine's cousin on her mother's side. Raised by Catherine.
WilliamV, prince of Orange-Nassau	male	1748	1806	Dutch	Stadtholder of the United Provinces	WD / VIAF
Jonathan Wild	male	1682/3	1725				English criminal
William Prince of Hesse-Philipsthal	male	1726	1810				General in the Dutch army, governor of Herzogenbusch
Madame Wilde	female						One of three ladies who initially accompanied Zelmire to Estonia
William I Landgrave of Hesse	male	1743	1821
Wilhelmina Princess of Prussia (née princess of Hesse-Kassel)	female	1726	1808
Félix Louis de Wimpffen General	male	1744	1814				Member of the Assemblée Nationale
Iakov Wolff Baron	male
Andrei (Heinrich Johann) Ivanovich von Wrangell Freiherr	male	1736	1813
Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser	male	1724	1797				Austrian marshal
Francisco Javier Antonio Pascual Bernardo Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno Aniello Julian of Naples and Sicily	male	1757	1771
Yassin Zade Effendi Яссин-Заде-Эффенди	male						Negotiator in Focsani in 1772
Nikolai Borisovich Iusupov	male	1750	1831	Russian	Senator	VIAF	Collector of art and books.
Nikolai Borisovich Iusupov Prince	male	1750	1831
Ivan Aleksandrovich Zaborovskii	male	1735	1817	Russian	Actual Privy Councillor (2nd Rank) / Senator / Colonel (6th Rank) / Governor	WD	Head a regiment of Hussars during the first Russo-Turkish War, he received the Order of St. George, Fourth Class, for his role in the Balkans. He later rejected the young Napoleon's application to join the Russian Navy.
Józef Zajaczek Prince	male	1752	1826
Domenico Zampieri Italian painter	male	1581	1641				Known as Domenichino
Francesco Zambeccari	male	1756	1812				Italian balloonist
Petr Vasil'evich Zavadovskii		1739	10 January 1812 (OS), St. Petersburg, Russian Empire	Russian	Favourite / Officer / Senator / Courtier / Count (Russian)	VIAF	From a minor Ukrainian noble family of Polish extraction. He and his older brother, Ivan, were initially raised by their Cossack maternal uncle, Shirai. Then they attended school at Orsha, before Petr Zavadovsky enrolled in the Kiev Academy, where he learned Russian and Latin classical literature. He probably became cabinet secretary in 1775 not for his attractiveness, but rather for the clear style of the reports he had composed for Rumiantsev. His assistance became necessary as Catherine's former secretary Grigorii Kozitsky retired just as she wanted to complete the reform of provincial administration promulgated on 7 November 1775. After their relatively brief romance, Catherine continued to employ Zavadovsky in a range of responsible administrative posts: he was Director of the state Bank for the Nobility and of the State Assignat Bank, a member of the commission of public schools, and appointed guardian of Catherine's son Aleksey Bobrinsky. He also reformed the Imperial Corps of Pages, contributed to foudning the Medical-Surgical Academy, and oversaw the construction of Catherine's estate at Tsaritsyno and of St. Isaac's Cathedral. In the 1790s, he opposed an alliance with Great Britain against Revolutionary France and supported the partitions of Poland. At his estate of 'Lialichi', renamed 'Ekaterinindar', he constructed a neoclassical mansion containing 250 rooms and a library of 3,750 books. Received from Paul I the Orders of St. Andrew, St. Anna, and St. John of Jerusalem.
Johann Christoph von Zegelin	male			German	Diplomat	WD
Zemira Zémire	female						Catherine II's dog
Johann Georg Ritter von Zimmermann	male	8 December 1728 (NS)	7 October 1795 (NS)		Doctor / Writer	VIAF	Catherine initiated a correspondence with Zimmermann after reading his On Solitude, which helped her recover from her grief at the sudden death of her beloved favourite Aleksandr Dmitrievich Lanskoy in summer 1784. Zimmermann subsequently helped to arrange for publication of Catherine's trilogy of anti-Masonic plays in German translation. He also recruited a few dozen German doctors to serve in Russia, especially in the newly acquired southern territories like the Crimea. Catherine shared with Zimmermann information about her Crimean tour in 1787 and about her wars with Sweden and the Ottoman Empire, in hopes of spreading a Russia-friendly version of events in Germany. Towards the end of the correspondence, Zimmermann, who virulently opposed the French Revolution, sought to gain Catherine's support for a counter-revolutionary journal and other related projects.
Ekaterina Nikolaevna Zinov'eva Princess Orlova	female	1758	1781				Grigorii Orlov's wife
Stepan Stepanovich Zinov'ev	male	1740	1794
Semen Gavrilovich Zorich	male	1743	1799	Russian / Serbian	Favourite / Lieutenant General (3rd Rank)	WD	After Catherine's death returned him to the army but Zorich quickly became immersed in debt.
Major Zoucato	male						letter 02932 - unable to find information
Valerian Aleksandrovich Zubov	male	28 November 1771 (OS)	21 June 1804 (OS)	Russian	General (2nd Rank) / Member of the Horse Guards / Count (Russian)	WD / VIAF
Nikolai Aleksandrovich Zubov	male	24 April 1763 (OS)	9 August 1805 (OS)	Russian	Member of the Horse Guards / Officer / Count (Russian)	WD	Elder brother of Catherine's last favourite, Platon Aleksandrovich Zubov. Began service in the Horse Guards.
Platon Aleksandrovich Zubov	male	15 November 1767 (OS)	7 April 1822 (OS), Ruhenthal, Courland	Russian	courtier / favourite / member of the Horse Guards / Cavalier Guardsman / count / prince	VIAF	Catherine's last favourite. Although he was purported to be poorly educated, he spoke good French and played the violin. He is believed to have been put forward as Catherine's new favourite by Nikolai Saltykov, Anna Naryshkina, Anna Protasova, and Mariia Perekusikhina. He was the first favourite not chosen by Grigorii Potemkin in 15 years. After the death of Potemkin in October 1791, Zubov played an increasingly important role in the administration, taking over several of Potemkin's roles such as General of Ordnance, Director-General of the Engineer Corps, Governor-General of New Russia and the Tauride, and commander of the Black Sea Fleet. He also received many similar rewards: a diamond-encrusted portrait of Catherine, the Orders of St. Andrew, St. Aleksandr Nevskii, and St. Vladimir, and other foreign honours. He is thought to have remained loyal in his love for Catherine until his death. In his later years, Zubov fathered four children by Sofya Przyszylonska, who were treated as legitimate and given the surname of Platonov, and also perhaps some children given the surname of Nevedomsky. Widely disliked, regarded as scheming and corrupt, and held responsible for some of Catherine's apparently 'reactionary' decisions in her later years.

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